Add a generic power function

The patch adds a `pow` function for types implementing `One`, `Mul` and
`Clone` trait.

The patch also renames f32 and f64 pow into powf in order to still have
a way to easily have float powers. It uses llvms intrinsics.

The pow implementation for all num types uses the exponentiation by
square.

Fixes bug #11499
std::trie: remove each_{key,value}_reverse internal iterators.

This are *trivial* to reimplement in terms of each_reverse if that extra
little bit of performance is needed.
std::trie: use unsafe code to give a 3x speed up to the iterator.

This stores the stack of iterators inline (we have a maximum depth with
`uint` keys), and then uses direct pointer offsetting to manipulate it,
in a blazing fast way:

Before:

    bench_iter_large          ... bench:     43187 ns/iter (+/- 3082)
    bench_iter_small          ... bench:       618 ns/iter (+/- 288)

After:

    bench_iter_large          ... bench:     13497 ns/iter (+/- 1575)
    bench_iter_small          ... bench:       220 ns/iter (+/- 91)
auto merge of #11497 : huonw/rust/trie-internal-iter, r=alexcrichton

This stores the stack of iterators inline (we have a maximum depth with
`uint` keys), and then uses direct pointer offsetting to manipulate it,
in a blazing fast way:

Before:

    bench_iter_large          ... bench:     43187 ns/iter (+/- 3082)
    bench_iter_small          ... bench:       618 ns/iter (+/- 288)

After:

    bench_iter_large          ... bench:     13497 ns/iter (+/- 1575)
    bench_iter_small          ... bench:       220 ns/iter (+/- 91)

Also, removes `.each_{key,value}_reverse` as an offering to
placate the gods of external iterators for my heinous sin of 
attempting to add new internal ones (in a previous version of this
PR).
auto merge of #11503 : FlaPer87/rust/master, r=huonw

The patch adds the missing pow method for all the implementations of the
Integer trait. This is a small addition that will most likely be
improved by the work happening in #10387.

Fixes #11499