t9365-continuing-queries.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
test-gitmw-lib.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
t7900-subtree.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
appp.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-pull.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-rebase--merge.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-rebase.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-stash.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-web--browse.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
lib-credential.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
lib-cvs.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
lib-gpg.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
p5302-pack-index.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.

The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX.  However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly.  In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.

The patch was generated by:

for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
   sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done

and then carefully proof-read.

Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-remote-mediawiki: allow stop/start-ing the test server

Previously, the user had to launch a complete re-install after a lighttpd
stop (e.g. a reboot).

Signed-off-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git-remote-mediawiki: fix encoding issue for UTF-8 media files

When a media file contains valid UTF-8, git-remote-mediawiki tried to be
too clever about the encoding, and the call to utf8::downgrade() on the
downloaded content was failing with

  Wide character in subroutine entry at git-remote-mediawiki line 583.

Instead, use $response->decode() to apply decoding linked to the
Content-Encoding: header, and return the content without attempting any
charset decoding.

Signed-off-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
mergetool: document the default for --[no-]prompt

The original motivation of using the prompt was to confirm to run a
tool on this particular (as opposed to another) path, but the user
can also take the prompt as to confirm to run this (as opposed to
some other) tool.  The latter of which of course is irritating for
those who told which exact tool to use, which is the reason why we
are flipping the default.

During the review discussion of the patch, many people (including
the maintainer) missed that a user can find the prompt useful way to
skip running the tool on particular paths.  Clarify it by adding a
brief half-sentence to the description.

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
commit: do not complain of empty messages from -C

When we pick another commit's message, we die() immediately
if we find that it's empty and we are not going to run an
editor (i.e., when running "-C" instead of "-c").  However,
this check is redundant and harmful.

It's redundant because we will already notice the empty
message later, after we would have run the editor, and die
there (just as we would for a regular, not "-C" case, where
the user provided an empty message in the editor).

It's harmful for a few reasons:

  1. It does not respect --allow-empty-message. As a result,
     a "git rebase -i" cannot "pick" such a commit. So you
     cannot even go back in time to fix it with a "reword"
     or "edit" instruction.

  2. It does not take into account other ways besides the
     editor to modify the message. For example, "git commit
     -C empty-commit -m foo" could take the author
     information from empty-commit, but add a message to it.
     There's more to do to make that work correctly (and
     right now we explicitly forbid "-C with -m"), but this
     removes one roadblock.

  3. The existing check is not enough to prevent segfaults.
     We try to find the "\n\n" header/body boundary in the
     commit. If it is at the end of the string (i.e., no
     body), _or_ if we cannot find it at all (i.e., a
     truncated commit object), we consider the message
     empty. With "-C", that's OK; we die in either case. But
     with "-c", we continue on, and in the case of a
     truncated commit may end up dereferencing NULL+2.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
pager: do allow spawning pager recursively

This reverts commit 88e8f908f2b0c56f9ccf8134d8ff9f689af9cc84, which
tried to allow

    GIT_PAGER="git -p column --mode='dense color'" git -p branch

and still wanted to avoid "git -p column" to invoke itself.  However,
this falls into "don't do that -p then" category.

In particular, inside "git log", with results going through less, a
potentially interesting commit may be found and from there inside
"less", the user may want to execute "git show <commit>".  Before
the commit being reverted, this used to show the patch in less but
it no longer does.

Signed-off-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Acked-by: Duy Nguyen <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
compat/poll: sleep 1 millisecond to avoid busy wait

SwitchToThread() only gives away the rest of the current time slice
to another thread in the current process. So if the thread that feeds
the file decscriptor we're polling is not in the current process, we
get busy-waiting.

I played around with this quite a bit. After trying some more complex
schemes, I found that what worked best is to just sleep 1 millisecond
between iterations. Though it's a very short time, it still completely
eliminates the busy wait condition, without hurting perf.

There code uses SleepEx(1, TRUE) to sleep. See this page for a good
discussion of why that is better than calling SwitchToThread, which
is what was used previously:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1383943/switchtothread-vs-sleep1

Note that calling SleepEx(0, TRUE) does *not* solve the busy wait.

The most striking case was when testing on a UNC share with a large repo,
on a single CPU machine. Without the fix, it took 4 minutes 15 seconds,
and with the fix it took just 1:08! I think it's because git-upload-pack's
busy wait was eating the CPU away from the git process that's doing the
real work. With multi-proc, the timing is not much different, but tons of
CPU time is still wasted, which can be a killer on a server that needs to
do bunch of other things.

I also tested the very fast local case, and didn't see any measurable
difference. On a big repo with 4500 files, the upload-pack took about 2
seconds with and without the fix.

[jc: this was first accepted in msysgit tree in May 2012 via a pull
request and Paolo Bonzini has also accepted the same fix to Gnulib
around the same time; see $gmane/247518 for a bit more detail]

Signed-off-by: Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org>
Acked-by: Erik Faye-Lund <kusmabite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
t3910: show failure of core.precomposeunicode with decomposed filenames

If you have existing decomposed filenames in your git
repository (e.g., that were created with older versions of
git that did not precompose unicode), a modern git with
core.precomposeunicode set does not handle them well.

The problem is that we normalize the paths coming from the
disk into their precomposed form, and then compare them
against the literal bytes in the index. This makes things
better if you have the precomposed form in the index. It
makes things worse if you actually have the decomposed form
in the index.

As a result, paths with decomposed filenames may have their
precomposed variants listed as untracked files (even though
the precomposed variants do not exist on-disk at all).

This patch just adds a test to demonstrate the breakage.
Some possible fixes are:

  1. Tell everyone that NFD in the git repo is wrong, and
     they should make a new commit to normalize all their
     in-repo files to be precomposed.

     This is probably not the right thing to do, because it
     still doesn't fix checkouts of old history. And it
     spreads the problem to people on byte-preserving
     filesystems (like ext4), because now they have to start
     precomposing their filenames as they are adde to git.

  2. Do all index filename comparisons using a UTF-8 aware
     comparison function when core.precomposeunicode is set.
     This would probably have bad performance, and somewhat
     defeats the point of converting the filenames at the
     readdir level in the first place.

  3. Convert index filenames to their precomposed form when
     we read the index from disk. This would be efficient,
     but we would have to be careful not to write the
     precomposed forms back out to disk.

  4. Introduce some infrastructure to efficiently match up
     the precomposed/decomposed forms. We already do
     something similar for case-insensitive files using
     name-hash.c. We might be able to adapt that strategy
     here.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>