cpufreq: interactive: Round up timer_rate to match jiffy

Timers are scheduled in unit of jiffies. Round up timer_rate so that
it matches the actual sampling period.

Signed-off-by: Junjie Wu <junjiew@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
decompressor: add LZ4 decompressor module

Add support for LZ4 decompression in the Linux Kernel.  LZ4 Decompression
APIs for kernel are based on LZ4 implementation by Yann Collet.

Benchmark Results(PATCH v3)
Compiler: Linaro ARM gcc 4.6.2

1. ARMv7, 1.5GHz based board
   Kernel: linux 3.4
   Uncompressed Kernel Size: 14MB
        Compressed Size  Decompression Speed
   LZO  6.7MB            20.1MB/s, 25.2MB/s(UA)
   LZ4  7.3MB            29.1MB/s, 45.6MB/s(UA)

2. ARMv7, 1.7GHz based board
   Kernel: linux 3.7
   Uncompressed Kernel Size: 14MB
        Compressed Size  Decompression Speed
   LZO  6.0MB            34.1MB/s, 52.2MB/s(UA)
   LZ4  6.5MB            86.7MB/s
- UA: Unaligned memory Access support
- Latest patch set for LZO applied

This patch set is for adding support for LZ4-compressed Kernel.  LZ4 is a
very fast lossless compression algorithm and it also features an extremely
fast decoder [1].

But we have five of decompressors already and one question which does
arise, however, is that of where do we stop adding new ones?  This issue
had been discussed and came to the conclusion [2].

Russell King said that we should have:

 - one decompressor which is the fastest
 - one decompressor for the highest compression ratio
 - one popular decompressor (eg conventional gzip)

If we have a replacement one for one of these, then it should do exactly
that: replace it.

The benchmark shows that an 8% increase in image size vs a 66% increase
in decompression speed compared to LZO(which has been known as the
fastest decompressor in the Kernel).  Therefore the "fast but may not be
small" compression title has clearly been taken by LZ4 [3].

[1] http://code.google.com/p/lz4/
[2] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kbuild.devel/9157
[3] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kbuild.devel/9347

LZ4 homepage: http://fastcompression.blogspot.com/p/lz4.html
LZ4 source repository: http://code.google.com/p/lz4/

Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib/decompress.c add __init to decompress_method and data

Fix the warning:

  WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x14cfd8): Section mismatch in reference from the variable compressed_formats to the function .init.text:gunzip()
  The function compressed_formats() references
  the function __init gunzip().
  etc..

Within decompress.c, compressed_formats[] needs 'a __initdata annotation',
because some of it's data members refer to functions which will be
unloaded after init.

Consequently, its user decompress_method() will get the __init prefix.

Signed-off-by: Hein Tibosch <hein_tibosch@yahoo.es>
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib/decompress.c: fix initconst

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib: add support for LZ4-compressed kernel

Add support for extracting LZ4-compressed kernel images, as well as
LZ4-compressed ramdisk images in the kernel boot process.

Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
Cc: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib: add lz4 compressor module

This patchset is for supporting LZ4 compression and the crypto API using
it.

As shown below, the size of data is a little bit bigger but compressing
speed is faster under the enabled unaligned memory access.  We can use
lz4 de/compression through crypto API as well.  Also, It will be useful
for another potential user of lz4 compression.

lz4 Compression Benchmark:
Compiler: ARM gcc 4.6.4
ARMv7, 1 GHz based board
   Kernel: linux 3.4
   Uncompressed data Size: 101 MB
         Compressed Size  compression Speed
   LZO   72.1MB		  32.1MB/s, 33.0MB/s(UA)
   LZ4   75.1MB		  30.4MB/s, 35.9MB/s(UA)
   LZ4HC 59.8MB		   2.4MB/s,  2.5MB/s(UA)
- UA: Unaligned memory Access support
- Latest patch set for LZO applied

This patch:

Add support for LZ4 compression in the Linux Kernel.  LZ4 Compression APIs
for kernel are based on LZ4 implementation by Yann Collet and were changed
for kernel coding style.

LZ4 homepage : http://fastcompression.blogspot.com/p/lz4.html
LZ4 source repository : http://code.google.com/p/lz4/
svn revision : r90

Two APIs are added:

lz4_compress() support basic lz4 compression whereas lz4hc_compress()
support high compression or CPU performance get lower but compression
ratio get higher.  Also, we require the pre-allocated working memory with
the defined size and destination buffer must be allocated with the size of
lz4_compressbound.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make lz4_compresshcctx() static]
Signed-off-by: Chanho Min <chanho.min@lge.com>
Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Bob Pearson <rpearson@systemfabricworks.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.hengli.com.au>
Cc: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com>
Cc: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib: add weak clz/ctz functions

Some architectures need __c[lt]z[sd]i2() for __builtin_c[lt]z[ll] and
that causes a build failure.  They can be implemented using the
fls()/__ffs() and overridden by linking arch-specific versions may not
be implemented yet.

This is required by "lib: add lz4 compressor module".

Reference: https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/4/18/603

Signed-off-by: Chanho Min <chanho.min@lge.com>
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Bob Pearson <rpearson@systemfabricworks.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.hengli.com.au>
Cc: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com>
Cc: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib/lz4: correct the LZ4 license

The LZ4 code is listed as using the "BSD 2-Clause License".

Signed-off-by: Richard Laager <rlaager@wiktel.com>
Acked-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Chanho Min <chanho.min@lge.com>
Cc: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
[ The 2-clause BSD can be just converted into GPL, but that's rude and
  pointless, so don't do it   - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lz4: fix compression/decompression signedness mismatch

LZ4 compression and decompression functions require different in
signedness input/output parameters: unsigned char for compression and
signed char for decompression.

Change decompression API to require "(const) unsigned char *".

Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lz4: ensure length does not wrap

Given some pathologically compressed data, lz4 could possibly decide to
wrap a few internal variables, causing unknown things to happen.  Catch
this before the wrapping happens and abort the decompression.

Reported-by: "Don A. Bailey" <donb@securitymouse.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lz4: fix another possible overrun

There is one other possible overrun in the lz4 code as implemented by
Linux at this point in time (which differs from the upstream lz4
codebase, but will get synced at in a future kernel release.)  As
pointed out by Don, we also need to check the overflow in the data
itself.

While we are at it, replace the odd error return value with just a
"simple" -1 value as the return value is never used for anything other
than a basic "did this work or not" check.

Reported-by: "Don A. Bailey" <donb@securitymouse.com>
Reported-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lz4: add overrun checks to lz4_uncompress_unknownoutputsize()

Jan points out that I forgot to make the needed fixes to the
lz4_uncompress_unknownoutputsize() function to mirror the changes done
in lz4_decompress() with regards to potential pointer overflows.

The only in-kernel user of this function is the zram code, which only
takes data from a valid compressed buffer that it made itself, so it's
not a big issue.  But due to external kernel modules using this
function, it's better to be safe here.

Reported-by: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@suse.com>
Cc: "Don A. Bailey" <donb@securitymouse.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib/lzo: Rename lzo1x_decompress.c to lzo1x_decompress_safe.c

Rename the source file to match the function name and thereby
also make room for a possible future even slightly faster
"non-safe" decompressor version.

Signed-off-by: Markus F.X.J. Oberhumer <markus@oberhumer.com>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib/lzo: Update LZO compression to current upstream version

This commit updates the kernel LZO code to the current upsteam version
which features a significant speed improvement - benchmarking the Calgary
and Silesia test corpora typically shows a doubled performance in
both compression and decompression on modern i386/x86_64/powerpc machines.

Signed-off-by: Markus F.X.J. Oberhumer <markus@oberhumer.com>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lzo: properly check for overruns

The lzo decompressor can, if given some really crazy data, possibly
overrun some variable types.  Modify the checking logic to properly
detect overruns before they happen.

Reported-by: "Don A. Bailey" <donb@securitymouse.com>
Tested-by: "Don A. Bailey" <donb@securitymouse.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
lib/int_sqrt.c: optimize square root algorithm

Optimize the current version of the shift-and-subtract (hardware)
algorithm, described by John von Newmann[1] and Guy L Steele.

Iterating 1,000,000 times, perf shows for the current version:

 Performance counter stats for './sqrt-curr' (10 runs):

         27.170996 task-clock                #    0.979 CPUs utilized            ( +-  3.19% )
                 3 context-switches          #    0.103 K/sec                    ( +-  4.76% )
                 0 cpu-migrations            #    0.004 K/sec                    ( +-100.00% )
               104 page-faults               #    0.004 M/sec                    ( +-  0.16% )
        64,921,199 cycles                    #    2.389 GHz                      ( +-  0.03% )
        28,967,789 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   44.62% frontend cycles idle     ( +-  0.18% )
   <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
       104,502,623 instructions              #    1.61  insns per cycle
                                             #    0.28  stalled cycles per insn  ( +-  0.00% )
        34,088,368 branches                  # 1254.587 M/sec                    ( +-  0.00% )
             4,901 branch-misses             #    0.01% of all branches          ( +-  1.32% )

       0.027763015 seconds time elapsed                                          ( +-  3.22% )

And for the new version:

Performance counter stats for './sqrt-new' (10 runs):

          0.496869 task-clock                #    0.519 CPUs utilized            ( +-  2.38% )
                 0 context-switches          #    0.000 K/sec
                 0 cpu-migrations            #    0.403 K/sec                    ( +-100.00% )
               104 page-faults               #    0.209 M/sec                    ( +-  0.15% )
           590,760 cycles                    #    1.189 GHz                      ( +-  2.35% )
           395,053 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   66.87% frontend cycles idle     ( +-  3.67% )
   <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
           398,963 instructions              #    0.68  insns per cycle
                                             #    0.99  stalled cycles per insn  ( +-  0.39% )
            70,228 branches                  #  141.341 M/sec                    ( +-  0.36% )
             3,364 branch-misses             #    4.79% of all branches          ( +-  5.45% )

       0.000957440 seconds time elapsed                                          ( +-  2.42% )

Furthermore, this saves space in instruction text:

   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
    111       0       0     111      6f lib/int_sqrt-baseline.o
     89       0       0      89      59 lib/int_sqrt.o

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Gonzalez <jgonzlez@linets.cl>
Tested-by: Jonathan Gonzalez <jgonzlez@linets.cl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>
klist: use same naming scheme as hlist for klist_add_after()

The name was modified from hlist_add_after() to hlist_add_behind() when
adjusting the order of arguments to match the one with
klist_add_after().  This is necessary to break old code when it would
use it the wrong way.

Make klist follow this naming scheme for consistency.

Signed-off-by: Ken Helias <kenhelias@firemail.de>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pranav Vashi <neobuddy89@gmail.com>