Add additional patterns for @llvm.assume in ValueTracking

This builds on r217342, which added the infrastructure to compute known bits
using assumptions (@llvm.assume calls). That original commit added only a few
patterns (to catch common cases related to determining pointer alignment); this
change adds several other patterns for simple cases.

r217342 contained that, for assume(v & b = a), bits in the mask
that are known to be one, we can propagate known bits from the a to v. It also
had a known-bits transfer for assume(a = b). This patch adds:

assume(~(v & b) = a) : For those bits in the mask that are known to be one, we
                       can propagate inverted known bits from the a to v.

assume(v | b = a) :    For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
                       propagate known bits from the a to v.

assume(~(v | b) = a):  For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
                       propagate inverted known bits from the a to v.

assume(v ^ b = a) :    For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
		       propagate known bits from the a to v. For those bits in
		       b that are known to be one, we can propagate inverted
                       known bits from the a to v.

assume(~(v ^ b) = a) : For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
		       propagate inverted known bits from the a to v. For those
		       bits in b that are known to be one, we can propagate
                       known bits from the a to v.

assume(v << c = a) :   For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate them
                       to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(~(v << c) = a) : For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate
                        them inverted to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(v >> c = a) :   For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate them
                       to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(~(v >> c) = a) : For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate
                        them inverted to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(v >=_s c) where c is non-negative: The sign bit of v is zero

assume(v >_s c) where c is at least -1: The sign bit of v is zero

assume(v <=_s c) where c is negative: The sign bit of v is one

assume(v <_s c) where c is non-positive: The sign bit of v is one

assume(v <=_u c): Transfer the known high zero bits

assume(v <_u c): Transfer the known high zero bits (if c is know to be a power
                 of 2, transfer one more)

A small addition to InstCombine was necessary for some of the test cases. The
problem is that when InstCombine was simplifying and, or, etc. it would fail to
check the 'do I know all of the bits' condition before checking less specific
conditions and would not fully constant-fold the result. I'm not sure how to
trigger this aside from using assumptions, so I've just included the change
here.