Transport Client: fixed the node retry mechanism which could fail without trying all the connected nodes

The RetryListener was notified twice for each single failure, which caused some additional retries, but more importantly was making the client reach the maximum number of retries (number of connected nodes) too quickly, meanwhile ongoing retries which could succeed are not completed yet.

The TransportService notifies of any exception received from a separate thread through the request holder, no need to notify the retry listener in any other place (either catch or onFailure method itself).

Closes #6829