[SQL] Backport backtick and smallint JDBC fixes to 1.1

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>
Author: ravipesala <ravindra.pesala@huawei.com>
Author: scwf <wangfei1@huawei.com>

Closes #3199 from marmbrus/backport1.1 and squashes the following commits:

019a0dd [Michael Armbrust] Drop incorrectly ported test cases
4c9f3e6 [ravipesala] [SPARK-3708][SQL] Backticks aren't handled correctly is aliases
064750d [scwf] [SPARK-3704][SQL] Fix ColumnValue type for Short values in thrift server
f4e17cd [ravipesala] [SPARK-3834][SQL] Backticks not correctly handled in subquery aliases