Repo cleanup to comply with new catapult deploy process

- Added `/dist/` directory to the `.gitignore`
- Replaced references to version number with `0.0.0`
- Replaced all-release `CHANGELOG.md` with per-release `changelog.txt`
- Removed `release.sh` script
- Updated and corrected things in the README
- Updated README build badge to only show state of `master` branch
- Updated file header generated from `Gruntfile.js`
- Updated include files in `package.json` and `bower.json`
Changed travis.sh script back to only running unit tests
Merge pull request #405 from firebase/jw-catapult

Repo cleanup to comply with new catapult deploy process