[SPARK-3076] [Jenkins] catch & report test timeouts

* Remove unused code to get jq
* Set timeout on tests and report gracefully on them

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #1974 from nchammas/master and squashes the following commits:

d1f1b6b [Nicholas Chammas] set timeout to realistic number
8b1ea41 [Nicholas Chammas] fix formatting
279526e [Nicholas Chammas] [SPARK-3076] catch & report test timeouts