std: Add support for an accept() timeout

This adds experimental support for timeouts when accepting sockets through
`TcpAcceptor::accept`. This does not add a separate `accept_timeout` function,
but rather it adds a `set_timeout` function instead. This second function is
intended to be used as a hard deadline after which all accepts will never block
and fail immediately.

This idea was derived from Go's SetDeadline() methods. We do not currently have
a robust time abstraction in the standard library, so I opted to have the
argument be a relative time in millseconds into the future. I believe a more
appropriate argument type is an absolute time, but this concept does not exist
yet (this is also why the function is marked #[experimental]).

The native support is built on select(), similarly to connect_timeout(), and the
green support is based on channel select and a timer.

cc #13523