auto merge of #18371 : nikomatsakis/rust/issue-18262, r=pcwalton

Teach variance checker about the lifetime bounds that appear in trait object types.

[breaking-change] This patch fixes a hole in the type system which resulted in lifetime parameters that were only used in trait objects not being checked. It's hard to characterize precisely the changes that might be needed to fix target code.

cc #18262 (this fixes the test case by @jakub- but I am not sure if this is the same issue that @alexcrichton was reporting)

r? @pnkfelix 

Fixes #18205
First stage of enum namespacing changes
auto merge of #18422 : michaelwoerister/rust/windows-freeze-fix, r=alexcrichton

On some Windows versions of GDB this is more stable than setting breakpoints via function names. This is also something I wanted to do for some time now because it makes the tests more consistent.

@brson:
These changes are in response to issue #17540. It works on my machine with the toolchain mentioned in the issue. In order to find out if the problem is really worked around, we also need to make the build bots use the newer GDB version again.
Fix trans of index overload expressions with DST result types

Closes #18487
Add regression test for #18487
Add lint for checking exceeding bitshifts #17713
Add compile-fail test of DST rvalues resulting from overloaded index
auto merge of #18457 : japaric/rust/tocstr, r=alexcrichton

Methods that used to take `ToCStr` implementors by value, now take them by reference. In particular, this breaks some uses of `Command`:

``` rust
Command::new("foo");  // Still works
Command::new(path) -> Command::new(&path)
cmd.arg(string) -> cmd.arg(&string) or cmd.arg(string.as_slice())
```

[breaking-change]

---

It may be sensible to remove `impl ToCstr for String` since:
- We're getting `impl Deref<str> for String`, so `string.to_cstr()` would still work
- `Command` methods would still be able to use `cmd.arg(string[..])` instead of `cmd.arg(&string)`.

But, I'm leaving that up to the library stabilization process.

r? @aturon 
cc #16918
Guide: Fix variable name
Reference: Add missing of's
libserialize: tuple-arity should be provided to `Decoder::read_tuple`

Currently `Decoder` implementations are not provided the tuple arity as
a parameter to `read_tuple`. This forces all encoder/decoder combos to
serialize the arity along with the elements. Tuple-arity is always known
statically at the decode site, because it is part of the type of the
tuple, so it could instead be provided as an argument to `read_tuple`,
as it is to `read_struct`.

The upside to this is that serialized tuples could become smaller in
encoder/decoder implementations which choose not to serialize type
(arity) information. For example, @TyOverby's
[binary-encode](https://github.com/TyOverby/binary-encode) format is
currently forced to serialize the tuple-arity along with every tuple,
despite the information being statically known at the decode site.

A downside to this change is that the tuple-arity of serialized tuples
can no longer be automatically checked during deserialization. However,
for formats which do serialize the tuple-arity, either explicitly (rbml)
or implicitly (json), this check can be added to the `read_tuple` method.

The signature of `Deserialize::read_tuple` and
`Deserialize::read_tuple_struct` are changed, and thus binary
backwards-compatibility is broken. This change does *not* force
serialization formats to change, and thus does not break decoding values
serialized prior to this change.

[breaking-change]
Tuple deserialization should not fail
collections: Remove all collections traits

As part of the collections reform RFC, this commit removes all collections
traits in favor of inherent methods on collections themselves. All methods
should continue to be available on all collections.

This is a breaking change with all of the collections traits being removed and
no longer being in the prelude. In order to update old code you should move the
trait implementations to inherent implementations directly on the type itself.

Note that some traits had default methods which will also need to be implemented
to maintain backwards compatibility.

[breaking-change]
cc #18424
auto merge of #18474 : alexcrichton/rust/no-more-traits, r=aturon

As part of the collections reform RFC, this commit removes all collections
traits in favor of inherent methods on collections themselves. All methods
should continue to be available on all collections.

This is a breaking change with all of the collections traits being removed and
no longer being in the prelude. In order to update old code you should move the
trait implementations to inherent implementations directly on the type itself.

Note that some traits had default methods which will also need to be implemented
to maintain backwards compatibility.

[breaking-change]
cc #18424
Monomorphize method types in Typer impl for BlockS

In some obscure circumstances, failure to do this can cause
unsubstituted type parameters to show up where they aren't
expected and cause an ICE.

Closes #18514
Add regression test for issue #18514
auto merge of #17595 : danburkert/rust/tuple-index-deserialization, r=alexcrichton

Currently `Decoder` implementations are not provided the tuple arity as
a parameter to `read_tuple`. This forces all encoder/decoder combos to
serialize the arity along with the elements. Tuple-arity is always known
statically at the decode site, because it is part of the type of the
tuple, so it could instead be provided as an argument to `read_tuple`,
as it is to `read_struct`.

The upside to this is that serialized tuples could become smaller in
encoder/decoder implementations which choose not to serialize type
(arity) information. For example, @TyOverby's
[binary-encode](https://github.com/TyOverby/binary-encode) format is
currently forced to serialize the tuple-arity along with every tuple,
despite the information being statically known at the decode site.

A downside to this change is that the tuple-arity of serialized tuples
can no longer be automatically checked during deserialization. However,
for formats which do serialize the tuple-arity, either explicitly (rbml)
or implicitly (json), this check can be added to the `read_tuple` method.

The signature of `Deserialize::read_tuple` and
`Deserialize::read_tuple_struct` are changed, and thus binary
backwards-compatibility is broken. This change does *not* force
serialization formats to change, and thus does not break decoding values
serialized prior to this change.

[breaking-change]
bubble up out-of-memory errors from liballoc

This makes the low-level allocation API suitable for use cases where
out-of-memory conditions need to be handled.

Closes #18292

[breaking-change]
DSTify BytesContainer
Remove unnecessary allocations