fix($browser): Cache `location.href` only during page reload phase

Adds caching for url changes after a reload happens

Removes unnecessary caching from $browser, as IE-IE9 all allow to change `location.href` synchronously, i.e. after changing it (via property write or `location.replace) it can be read out immediately with the up to date value.
There was a wrong assumption in the previous version of this code
introduced by dca23173e25a32cb740245ca7f7b01a84805f43f and d70711481e6311c9cd283d650f07ca0cca72ecc2.

Adds more tests for #6976
Fixes #9235