Move Data.Functor.Identity from transformers to base

This also updates the `transformers` submodule to the just
released `transformers-0.4.2.0` package version.

See #9664 for more details

Reviewed By: austin, ekmett

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D313
Typo fix; Trac #9787

Also, reword :print description.

Signed-off-by: Austin Seipp <austin@well-typed.com>
Define list monad operations using comprehensions

Define list monad operations using list comprehensions. Code using monad
operations with lists did not fuse fully. Writing list code with `do`
notation or `(>>=)` and `(>>)` operations could allocate more than
equivalent code using list comprehensions.

Define `mapM` directly, instead of using `sequence` and `map`. This
leads to substantially less allocation in `cryptarithm2`.

Addresses #9781

Reviewed By: ekmett, nomeata

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D455
De-bias Data.Foldable and improve docstrings

Use fewer left/right-biased folds for defaults and
functions in `Data.Foldable`, to better support things
that don't look like cons lists.

This also extends the Haddock docstrings in `Data.Foldable`.

Reviewed By: hvr, ekmett

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D441
Comments only (on recursive dictionaries)
Test Trac #9662
Comments only
Improve documentation of -ticky a little
Test Trac #9077
Test Trac #7862
Add stderr for T9662
Disable T4801/peak_megabytes_allocated

This test seems too close to a tipping point (and thus too sensitive to the
build-env used) and T4801's `max_bytes_used` was disabled as well some time
ago for a similiar reason.
Implement new integer-gmp2 from scratch (re #9281)

This is done as a separate `integer-gmp2` backend library because it
turned out to become a complete rewrite from scratch.

Due to the different (over)allocation scheme and potentially different
accounting (via the new `{shrink,resize}MutableByteArray#` primitives),
some of the nofib benchmarks actually results in increased allocation
numbers (but not necessarily an increase in runtime!).  I believe the
allocation numbers could improve if `{resize,shrink}MutableByteArray#`
could be optimised to reallocate in-place more efficiently.

Here are the more apparent changes in the latest nofib comparision
between `integer-gmp` and `integer-gmp2`:

  ------------------------------------------------------------------
          Program     Size    Allocs   Runtime   Elapsed  TotalMem
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
              ...
       bernouilli    +1.6%    +15.3%     0.132     0.132      0.0%
              ...
     cryptarithm1    -2.2%      0.0%     -9.7%     -9.7%      0.0%
              ...
            fasta    -0.7%     -0.0%    +10.9%    +10.9%      0.0%
              ...
            kahan    +0.6%    +38.9%     0.169     0.169      0.0%
              ...
             lcss    -0.7%     -0.0%     -6.4%     -6.4%      0.0%
              ...
           mandel    +1.6%    +33.6%     0.049     0.049      0.0%
              ...
         pidigits    +0.8%     +8.5%     +3.9%     +3.9%      0.0%
            power    +1.4%    -23.8%    -18.6%    -18.6%    -16.7%
              ...
        primetest    +1.3%    +50.1%     0.085     0.085      0.0%
              ...
              rsa    +1.6%    +53.4%     0.026     0.026      0.0%
              ...
              scs    +1.2%     +6.6%     +6.5%     +6.6%    +14.3%
              ...
           symalg    +1.0%     +9.5%     0.010     0.010      0.0%
              ...
        transform    -0.6%     -0.0%     -5.9%     -5.9%      0.0%
              ...
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
              Min    -2.3%    -23.8%    -18.6%    -18.6%    -16.7%
              Max    +1.6%    +53.4%    +10.9%    +10.9%    +14.3%
   Geometric Mean    -0.3%     +1.9%     -0.8%     -0.8%     +0.0%

(see P35 / https://phabricator.haskell.org/P35 for full report)

By default, `INTEGER_LIBRARY=integer-gmp2` is active now, which results
in the package `integer-gmp-1.0.0.0` being registered in the package db.
The previous `integer-gmp-0.5.1.0` can be restored by setting
`INTEGER_LIBRARY=integer-gmp` (but will probably be removed altogether
for GHC 7.12). In-tree GMP support has been stolen from the old
`integer-gmp` (while unpatching the custom memory-allocators, as well as
forcing `-fPIC`)

A minor hack to `ghc-cabal` was necessary in order to support two different
`integer-gmp` packages (in different folders) with the same package key.

There will be a couple of follow-up commits re-implementing some features
that were dropped to keep D82 minimal, as well as further
clean-ups/improvements.

More information can be found via #9281 and
https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Design/IntegerGmp2

Reviewed By: austin, rwbarton, simonmar

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.haskell.org/D82
Per-thread allocation counters and limits

This reverts commit f0fcc41d755876a1b02d1c7c79f57515059f6417.

New changes: now works on 32-bit platforms too.  I added some basic
support for 64-bit subtraction and comparison operations to the x86
NCG.
Fix build errors on Windows (these tests still don't work though)
fix allocLimit3 on Windows
AST changes to prepare for API annotations, for #9628
AST changes to prepare for API annotations

Summary: Add locations to parts of the AST so that API annotations can
then be added.

The outline of the whole process is captured here
https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/GhcAstAnnotations

Test Plan: sh ./validate

Reviewers:

Subscribers:

GHC Trac Issues: #9628
Lint fixes
In HsModule, make exports Located and imports not