improved performance of ++ for Bit/ByteVector and made other related performance improvements

There's now a new constructor `Chunks`, in both `BitVector` and `ByteVector`. It uses the same idea as an (amortized) O(1) functional counter - when new chunks are added to the end, if they are more than half the size of the chunk immediately to the left, those chunks are combined. This maintains a sequence of balanced trees of exponentially decreasing sizes, so appends take amortized O(1) time, rather than O(log n). I also changed ByteVector to use a small (64 byte) buffer by default in `++`, which provided some drastic performance improvements for the common case (without penalizing the other cases).

Here's some numbers from current master:

```
building vectors of 1000000 bytes
byte vector :+ 2.0971s per trial; 10 trials
byte vector ++ 1.0981999999999998s per trial; 10 trials
byte vector balanced ++ 0.15109999999999998s per trial; 10 trials
buffered byte vector :+ 0.0305s per trial; 40 trials
buffered byte vector ++ 0.0726s per trial; 20 trials
bit vector ++ 2.0225s per trial; 10 trials
bit vector balanced ++ 0.3116s per trial; 10 trials
bit vector balanced Append 0.1393s per trial; 10 trials
```

And here's some numbers from this branch:

```
byte vector :+ 0.028050000000000002s per trial; 40 trials
byte vector ++ 0.0526s per trial; 20 trials
byte vector balanced ++ 0.1886s per trial; 10 trials
buffered byte vector :+ 0.022037499999999998s per trial; 80 trials
buffered byte vector ++ 0.038875s per trial; 40 trials
bit vector ++ 0.3809s per trial; 10 trials
bit vector balanced ++ 0.5376000000000001s per trial; 10 trials
bit vector balanced Append 0.2778s per trial; 10 trials
list :: 0.12689999999999999s per trial; 10 trials
vector :+ 0.057199999999999994s per trial; 20 trials
```

It looks like `++` for `BitVector` is close to the speed of `::` on `List`. That's to build up a million byte `BitVector`, one byte at a type, using a left fold. For `ByteVector`, it's much faster, as it gets to directly use the mutable (only 64 byte) array at the tail.

Here's the code that produced that:

```Scala
  val N = 1000 * 1000
  val M = 10

  val bytes = (0 until N).map(_.toByte)
  val byteChunks = bytes.map(ByteVector(_))
  val bitChunks = bytes.map(BitVector(_))

  time("byte vector :+", M) { bytes.foldLeft(ByteVector.empty)(_ :+ _) }
  time("byte vector ++", M) { byteChunks.foldLeft(ByteVector.empty)(_ ++ _) }
  time("byte vector balanced ++", M) { BitVector.reduceBalanced(byteChunks)(_.size)(_ ++ _) }
  time("buffered byte vector :+", M) { bytes.foldLeft(ByteVector.empty.buffer)(_ :+ _) }
  time("buffered byte vector ++", M) { byteChunks.foldLeft(ByteVector.empty.buffer)(_ ++ _) }
  time("bit vector ++", M) { bitChunks.foldLeft(BitVector.empty)(_ ++ _) }
  time("bit vector balanced ++", M) { BitVector.reduceBalanced(bitChunks)(_.size)(_ ++ _) }
  time("bit vector balanced Append", M) { BitVector.reduceBalanced(bitChunks)(_.size)(BitVector.Append(_,_)) }
  time("list ::", M) { (0 until N).foldLeft(List.empty[Int])(_.::(_)) }
  time("vector :+", M) { (0 until N).foldLeft(Vector.empty[Int])(_ :+ _) }
```