PERF: Performance improvement for MultiIndexes with a DatetimeIndex levels

Addresses #8543. The benefits are most pronounced when there are a small number of distinct datetimes relative to the number of rows in the index.

vbench results with `-r multi`:
```
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test name                                    | head[ms] | base[ms] |  ratio   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
multi_with_datetime_level                    |   1.5767 |  46.8633 |   0.0336 |
reindex_multiindex                           |   1.1919 |   1.2113 |   0.9840 |
groupby_transform_multi_key4                 | 121.5626 | 123.5036 |   0.9843 |
frame_multi_and_st                           |  33.3813 |  33.5990 |   0.9935 |
groupby_multi_series_op                      |  11.2731 |  11.3403 |   0.9941 |
groupby_multi_count                          |   7.2227 |   7.2653 |   0.9941 |
groupby_multi_different_functions            |   9.5117 |   9.5397 |   0.9971 |
groupby_multi_size                           |  19.4443 |  19.4850 |   0.9979 |
frame_multi_and_no_ne                        |  55.7680 |  55.8747 |   0.9981 |
groupby_multi_different_numpy_functions      |   9.5197 |   9.5037 |   1.0017 |
groupby_transform_multi_key1                 |  65.6123 |  65.4763 |   1.0021 |
read_table_multiple_date                     | 148.9107 | 148.2257 |   1.0046 |
join_dataframe_index_multi                   |  15.1207 |  15.0447 |   1.0051 |
stat_ops_level_frame_sum_multiple            |   6.7097 |   6.6660 |   1.0065 |
groupby_multi_cython                         |  12.6956 |  12.5817 |   1.0091 |
frame_multi_and                              |  19.6610 |  19.4677 |   1.0099 |
read_table_multiple_date_baseline            |  68.1753 |  67.3580 |   1.0121 |
multiindex_from_product                      |  10.0873 |   9.9500 |   1.0138 |
groupby_transform_multi_key2                 |  45.2770 |  44.5527 |   1.0163 |
groupby_multi_python                         | 122.5337 | 119.1190 |   1.0287 |
stat_ops_level_series_sum_multiple           |   5.2770 |   5.1050 |   1.0337 |
groupby_transform_multi_key3                 | 788.8023 | 736.1453 |   1.0715 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test name                                    | head[ms] | base[ms] |  ratio   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

```