Implement and use locale-independent strtod function

It is called strtod_c and internally uses strtod_l on OSX and Linux.
On Windows a function derived from the python source code is used
that replaces the decimal delimiter by the locale one and calls the
standard strtod function.
Make version_git.sh work on older versions of git.

The --count option to git-rev-list was introduced in git version 1.7.x
for 1 < x < 12. When base/version_git.sh is run on versions of git
without this option, a long help message is generated (cluttering up
make output) and generating an incorrect base/version_git.jl.
version_git.sh: cope with wcs that emit whitespace.

Some versions of wc (notably the one supplied by OS X) prepend
whitespace to the output of `wc -l`, breaking the indentation of the
generated version_git.jl. We strip this using only tr(1) features
specified in
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/tr.html.
Replace calls to tr with calls to sed

We're already using sed elsewhere in the script.
Remove hard-coded Windows installation paths

- For Git, shouldn't need to look in Program Files since Windows Julia bundles Git.
- MinGW is a build-time dependency, not a user dependency. These path additions were the only reason test/spawn.jl could ever execute successfully outside of MSYS. This is a problem that can be addressed separately, and the solution should not rely on a hard-coded installation path of MSYS1.
- Python should only be needed by packages, or at build time for LLVM. Wouldn't a better solution involve PYTHONPATH or PYTHONHOME, or manage this on a package level when Python is required?
Fix error when filename is null

Seen occasionally on Windows when running test/file.jl
correct handling of integer values for sinpi, as per IEEE-754 2008
make sinpi,cospi,sind,cosd type stable for Float32
add tests for signed zeros
Kate support for multiline comments.

Also added alert highlighting support (TODO, FIXME etc.)
remove CONDITION_REQUIRES_BOOL, a rather amusing vestige.
add tests for type stability
Merge pull request #6151 from elehcim/kate-syntax

Kate support for multiline comments.
add --bounds-check=yes|no compiler option

this overrides any declarations
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia
add --int32-literals compiler option
bump juliadoc to fix search bug
generalize integer literal size compiler option
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia
doc: organize index into sections