Upgrade to RSpec3.0 complete, all specs green

Pivotal Tracker story *Upgrade to RSpec 3.0* https://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/77326348

1. `bundle update rspec-rails`
2. `bin/rails generate rspec:install`
3. replace all occurrences of `require spec_helper` with `require rails_helper`
4. in rails_helper.rb, comment out `config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!`
5. add `type:` to each spec file
6. remove `--warnings` from .rspec as per [this SO answer from Myron Marston](http://stackoverflow.com/a/24177563/2623544)
7. move `gem 'rspec-rails'` to `group :development, :test` in Gemfile as per [gem instructions](https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails)

`34 examples, 0 failures, 31 passed, 3 pending`