Detect type inference failure when auto-dereferencing a pointer

check::autoderef() returns a ty_err when it fails to infer the type.
probe::probe() should respect this failure and fail together to prevent
further corruption.

Call stack: check::check_method_call() -> method::lookup() ->
            probe::probe() + confirm::confirm()

Fixes #19692.
Fixes #19583.
Fixes #19297.
auto merge of #19813 : barosl/rust/autoderef-type-inference-ice, r=pnkfelix

`check::autoderef()` returns a `ty_err` when it fails to infer the type. `probe::probe()` should respect this failure and fail together to prevent further corruption.

Fixes #19692.
Fixes #19583.
Fixes #19297.