doc: fix brackets for optional parameters

Documentation incorrectly used bracket notation for optional parameters.
This caused inconsistencies in usage because of examples like the
following:

    fs.write(fd, data[, position[, encoding]], callback)

This simply fixes all uses of bracket notation in documentation.

Signed-off-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
readline: fix performance issue when large line

Only run lineEnding.test() on the newly acquired chunk of string instead
of on the entire line buffer.

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
child_process: improve spawn() argument handling

Add stricter argument type checking to normalizeSpawnArguments().

Removes a number of extraneous checks in spawn().

Fix regression in handling of the optional args argument.

Add more thorough testing of spawn() arguments.

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
crypto: lower RSS usage for TLSCallbacks

Don't allocate any BIO buffers initially, do this on a first read from
the TCP connection. Allocate different amount of data for initial read
and for consequent reads: small buffer for hello+certificate, big buffer
for better throughput.

see #8416
timer_wrap: remove HandleScopes, check return size

Calls from JS to C++ have an implicit HandleScope. So there is no need
to instantiate a new HandleScope in these basic cases.

Check if the returned int64_t is an SMI and cast the return value to
uint32_t instead of a double. Prevents needing to box the return value,
and saves a small amount of execution time.

Signed-off-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
http: cleanup setHeader()

Several fields on OutgoingMessage were set after instantiation. These
have been included in the constructor to prevent mutation of the object
map after instantiation.

"name" is now explicitly checked to be a string. Where before if a
non-string was passed the following cryptic error was thrown:

    _http_outgoing.js:334
      var key = name.toLowerCase();
                     ^
    TypeError: undefined is not a function

Signed-off-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
readme: grammer fix

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
src: fix VC++ warning C4244

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
doc: fix optional parameter parsing

The parameter parser specifically looked for the old bracket syntax.
This generated a lot of warnings when building the docs. Those warnings
have been fixed by changing the parsing logic.

Signed-off-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
buffer: fix and cleanup fill()

Running fill() with an empty string would cause Node to hang
indefinitely. Now it will return without having operated on the buffer.

User facing function has been pulled into JS to perform all initial
value checks and coercions. The C++ method has been placed on the
"internal" object.

Coerced non-string values to numbers to match v0.10 support.

Simplified logic and changed a couple variable names.

Added tests for fill() and moved them all to the beginning of
buffer-test.js since many other tests depend on fill() working properly.

Fixes: https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/8469
Signed-off-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
http: Improve _addHeaderLines method

Reviewed-By: Chris Dickinson <christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
doc: note stdout and stderr special behaviors.

Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Chris Dickinson <christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com>
build, i18n: improve Intl build, add "--with-intl"

The two main goals of this change are:
 - To make it easier to build the Intl option using ICU (particularly,
   using a newer ICU than v8/Chromium's version)
 - To enable a much smaller ICU build with only English support The goal
   here is to get node.js binaries built this way by default so that the
   Intl API can be used. Additional data can be added at execution time
   (see Readme and wiki)

More details are at https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/7719

In particular, this change adds the "--with-intl=" configure option to
provide more ways of building "Intl":
 - "full-icu" picks up an ICU from deps/icu
 - "small-icu" is similar, but builds only English
 - "system-icu" uses pkg-config to find an installed ICU
 - "none" does nothing (no Intl)

For Windows builds, the "full-icu" or "small-icu" options are added to
vcbuild.bat.

Note that the existing "--with-icu-path" option is not removed from
configure, but may not be used alongside the new option.

Wiki changes have already been made on
 https://github.com/joyent/node/wiki/Installation
and a new page created at
 https://github.com/joyent/node/wiki/Intl
(marked as provisional until this change lands.)

Summary of changes:

* README.md : doc updates

* .gitignore : added "deps/icu" as this is the location where ICU is
  unpacked to.

* Makefile : added the tools/icu/* files to cpplint, but excluded a
  problematic file.

* configure : added the "--with-intl" option mentioned above.
  Calculate at config time the list of ICU source files to use and data
  packaging options.

* node.gyp : add the new files src/node_i18n.cc/.h as well as ICU
  linkage.

* src/node.cc : add call into
  node::i18n::InitializeICUDirectory(icu_data_dir) as well as new
  --icu-data-dir option and NODE_ICU_DATA env variable to configure ICU
  data loading. This loading is only relevant in the "small"
  configuration.

* src/node_i18n.cc : new source file for the above Initialize..
  function, to setup ICU as needed.

* tools/icu : new directory with some tools needed for this build.

* tools/icu/icu-generic.gyp : new .gyp file that builds ICU in some new
  ways, both on unix/mac and windows.

* tools/icu/icu-system.gyp : new .gyp file to build node against a
  pkg-config detected ICU.

* tools/icu/icu_small.json : new config file for the "English-only" small
  build.

* tools/icu/icutrim.py : new tool for trimming down ICU data. Reads the
  above .json file.

* tools/icu/iculslocs.cc : new tool for repairing ICU data manifests
  after trim operation.

* tools/icu/no-op.cc : dummy file to force .gyp into using a C++ linker.

* vcbuild.bat : added small-icu and full-icu options, to call into
  configure.

* Fixed toolset dependencies, see
  https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/7719#issuecomment-54641687

Note that because of a bug in gyp {CC,CXX}_host must also be set.
Otherwise gcc/g++ will be used by default for part of the build.

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
url: make query() consistent

Match the behavior of the slow path by setting url.query to an empty
object when the url contains no query, but query parsing is requested.

Also add a test for this case, and update the documents to clearly
reflect this behavior.

Fixes: https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/8332
Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
node: avoid automatic microtask runs

Since we are taking control of the microtask queue it makes sense to
disable autorun and only run microtasks when necessary. Just setting
isolate->SetAutorunMicrotasks(false) would cause _tickCallback() not to
be called.

Automatically running the microtask queue will cause it to run:

* After callback invocation
* Inside _tickCallback()
* After _tickCallback() invocation

The third one is unnecessary as the microtask queue is guaranteed to be
empty at this point. The first only needs to be run manually when
_tickCallback() isn't going to be called by MakeCallback().

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
readline: should not require an output stream.

Passing null as the output stream to readline.Interface()'s constructor
is now supported. Any output written by readline is just discarded. It
makes it easier to use readline just as a line parser.

Fixes: https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/4408
Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
buffer: mv floating point read/write checks to JS

Performance improvement by moving checks for floating point operations
to JS and doing the operation on a protected internal function that
assumes all arguments are correct. Still abort if the operation
overflows memory. This can only be caused if the Buffer's length
property isn't the same as the actual internal length.

Signed-off-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
buffer: add generic functions for (u)int ops

Add generic functions for (U)Int read/write operations on Buffers. These
support up to and including 48 bit reads and writes.

Include documentation and tests.

Additional work done by Trevor Norris to include 40 and 48 bit write
support. Because bitwise operations cannot be used on values greater
than 32 bits, the operations have been replaced with mathematical
calculations. Regardless, they are still faster than floating point
operations.

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
util: add es6 Symbol support for `util.inspect`

* `util.inspect` cannot accept es6 symbol primitive
* It will throw exception if do `util.inspect(Symbol())`
* This also affects repl, console.log, etc.

Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chris Dickinson <christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com>
doc: Update net.markdown

Associates link to dns.lookup() with proper URL.

Fixes: https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/8018
Reviewed-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chris Dickinson <christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com>