SHAMap performance (RIPD-434)

Commit from previous pull request with updates thanks to suggestions given in that pull requests. Updates and bugfixes to address the missing node bugs:

More separation between snapshot unsharing logic and modified node flushing logic.

Simplify descend* functions so that they no longer modify SHAMapNodeIDs. (They were too tricky to use because it wasn't clear which functions modified SHAMapNodeIDs and whether you were supposed to pass the parent or child ID.0


https://github.com/ripple/rippled/blob/develop/src/ripple/app/ledger/LedgerEntrySet.cpp#L1576-L1578
That logic is correct, but could use a comment. Regardless of whether rippleCredit succeed or fails, it necessarily succeeded in delivering whatever amount it actually delivered. That's what lines 1577 and 1578 say.