Revamp the WAL record format.

Each WAL record now carries information about the modified relation and
block(s) in a standardized format. That makes it easier to write tools that
need that information, like pg_rewind, prefetching the blocks to speed up
recovery, etc.

There's a whole new API for building WAL records, replacing the XLogRecData
chains used previously. The new API consists of XLogRegister* functions,
which are called for each buffer and chunk of data that is added to the
record. The new API also gives more control over when a full-page image is
written, by passing flags to the XLogRegisterBuffer function.

This also simplifies the XLogReadBufferForRedo() calls. The function can dig
the relation and block number from the WAL record, so they no longer need to
be passed as arguments.

For the convenience of redo routines, XLogReader now disects each WAL record
after reading it, copying the main data part and the per-block data into
MAXALIGNed buffers. The data chunks are not aligned within the WAL record,
but the redo routines can assume that the pointers returned by XLogRecGet*
functions are. Redo routines are now passed the XLogReaderState, which
contains the record in the already-disected format, instead of the plain
XLogRecord.

The new record format also makes the fixed size XLogRecord header smaller,
by removing the xl_len field. The length of the "main data" portion is now
stored at the end of the WAL record, and there's a separate header after
XLogRecord for it. The alignment padding at the end of XLogRecord is also
removed. This compansates for the fact that the new format would otherwise
be more bulky than the old format.

Reviewed by Andres Freund, Amit Kapila, Michael Paquier, Alvaro Herrera,
Fujii Masao.
Silence compiler warning about variable being used uninitialized.

It's a false positive - the variable is only used when 'onleft' is true,
and it is initialized in that case. But the compiler doesn't necessarily
see that.
Add missing case for CustomScan.

Per KaiGai Kohei.

In passing improve formatting of some code added in commit 30d7ae3c,
because otherwise pgindent will make a mess of it.
Remove no-longer-needed phony typedefs in genbki.h.

Now that we have a policy of hiding varlena catalog fields behind
"#ifdef CATALOG_VARLEN", there is no need for their type names to be
acceptable to the C compiler.  And experimentation shows that it does
not matter to pgindent either.  (If it did, we'd have problems anyway,
since these typedefs are unreferenced so far as the C compiler is
concerned, and find_typedef fails to identify such typedefs.)

Hence, remove the phony typedefs that genbki.h provided to make
some varlena field definitions compilable.

In passing, rearrange #define's into what seemed a more logical order.
Fix another oversight in CustomScan patch.

disuse_physical_tlist() must work for all plan types handled by
create_scan_plan().
Fix another oversight in CustomScan patch.

execCurrent.c's search_plan_tree() must recognize a CustomScan on the
target relation.  This would only be helpful for custom providers that
support CurrentOfExpr quals, which is probably a bit far-fetched, but
it's not impossible I think.  But even without assuming that, we need
to recognize a scanned-relation match so that we will properly throw
error if the desired relation is being scanned with both a CustomScan
and a regular scan (ie, self-join).

Also recognize ForeignScanState for similar reasons.  Supporting WHERE
CURRENT OF on a foreign table is probably even more far-fetched than
it is for custom scans, but I think in principle you could do it with
postgres_fdw (or another FDW that supports the ctid column).  This
would be a back-patchable bug fix if existing FDWs handled CurrentOfExpr,
but I doubt any do so I won't bother back-patching.
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/postgres/postgres into cscan_join