[modules] Initial support for explicitly loading .pcm files.

Implicit module builds are not well-suited to a lot of build systems. In
particular, they fare badly in distributed build systems, and they lead to
build artifacts that are not tracked as part of the usual dependency management
process. This change allows explicitly-built module files (which are already
supported through the -emit-module flag) to be explicitly loaded into a build,
allowing build systems to opt to manage module builds and dependencies
themselves.

This is only the first step in supporting such configurations, and it should
be considered experimental and subject to change or removal for now.