Clean up Commenter and CommentingPolicy specs

* Remove specs testing logic currently tested in `CommentingPolicy`
  specs from `Commenter`
* Don't stub unused and nonexistent methods in `CommentingPolicy` specs
Rename CommentingPolicy spec to have suffix

Tighten up some lines that dont need to wrap beyond one line.
Post Travis build status to #hound

* Notify on build failure
* Notify on first success after previous failure
Switch to byebug gem for debugging

* `byebug` has a better support for Ruby 2.0 than `debugger`
* `debugger` statement can still be used (with all the familiar commands)
Revert "Use Linguist to determine file language"

* Deploying to Heroku turned out to be huge pain because of libicu.

This reverts commit 4d0ec94830d3ba0cb9c665cf61c8c10a0f2bdd96.
Refactor ModifiedFile to CommitFile

Generalize the name to handle files that may not have been modified, like
`.hound.yml`.
Support exclusion of files from the config

Check file exculsion via Rubocop's `Config#file_to_exclude?` method.
Prefer double quotes everywhere

Updated as per new desicion in our styleguide
Add contribution section to README
Revert logo and color to older purple

https://trello.com/c/U2GJGKlo
Add a configuration example for excluding files
Don't duplicate comments after force push

* Remove `Comment` model
* Update `Commenter` and `CommentingPolicy`:
  - Check for previous comments on pull request
  - If a comment reporting a violation for a given line has already been
    made, do not add a comment reporting the same violation
* Add `GithubApi#pull_request_comments` and `PullRequest#comments`
  methods for fetching and accessing pull request comments
* https://trello.com/c/ha2hgFj2/283-avoid-commenting-a-second-time-after-a-force-push

Thanks to @Adam89 and @srt32 for their help on this.
Update App Header

https://trello.com/c/5R0ophhT
Disable GuardClause cop
Disable action filter check for Rails
Disable ClassAndModuleChildren cop
Disable EachWithObject cop
Update `line_number` to `patch_position` where it makes sense.
Update readme for development installation.
Document testing enviroment setup