UBUNTU: Start new release

Ignore: yes
Signed-off-by: Tim Gardner <rtg@tpi.com>
ata: enable quirk from jmicron JMB350 for JMB394

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit efb9e0f4f43780f0ae0c6428d66bd03e805c7539 upstream.

Without the patch the kernel generates the following error.

 ata11.15: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
 ata11.15: Port Multiplier vendor mismatch '0x197b' != '0x123'
 ata11.15: PMP revalidation failed (errno=-19)
 ata11.15: failed to recover PMP after 5 tries, giving up

This patch helps to bypass this error and the device becomes
functional.

Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-ide@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
sata_sil: apply MOD15WRITE quirk to TOSHIBA MK2561GSYN

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 9f9c47f00ce99329b1a82e2ac4f70f0fe3db549c upstream.

It's a bit odd to see a newer device showing mod15write; however, the
reported behavior is highly consistent and other factors which could
contribute seem to have been verified well enough.  Also, both
sata_sil itself and the drive are fairly outdated at this point making
the risk of this change fairly low.  It is possible, probably likely,
that other drive models in the same family have the same problem;
however, for now, let's just add the specific model which was tested.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: matson <lists-matsonpa@luxsci.me>
References: http://lkml.kernel.org/g/201401211912.s0LJCk7F015058@rs103.luxsci.com
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
ARM: 7953/1: mm: ensure TLB invalidation is complete before enabling MMU

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit bae0ca2bc550d1ec6a118fb8f2696f18c4da3d8e upstream.

During __v{6,7}_setup, we invalidate the TLBs since we are about to
enable the MMU on return to head.S. Unfortunately, without a subsequent
dsb instruction, the invalidation is not guaranteed to have completed by
the time we write to the sctlr, potentially exposing us to junk/stale
translations cached in the TLB.

This patch reworks the init functions so that the dsb used to ensure
completion of cache/predictor maintenance is also used to ensure
completion of the TLB invalidation.

Reported-by: Albin Tonnerre <Albin.Tonnerre@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
x86: dma-mapping: fix GFP_ATOMIC macro usage

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit c091c71ad2218fc50a07b3d1dab85783f3b77efd upstream.

GFP_ATOMIC is not a single gfp flag, but a macro which expands to the other
flags, where meaningful is the LACK of __GFP_WAIT flag. To check if caller
wants to perform an atomic allocation, the code must test for a lack of the
__GFP_WAIT flag. This patch fixes the issue introduced in v3.5-rc1.

Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
SUNRPC: Fix races in xs_nospace()

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 06ea0bfe6e6043cb56a78935a19f6f8ebc636226 upstream.

When a send failure occurs due to the socket being out of buffer space,
we call xs_nospace() in order to have the RPC task wait until the
socket has drained enough to make it worth while trying again.
The current patch fixes a race in which the socket is drained before
we get round to setting up the machinery in xs_nospace(), and which
is reported to cause hangs.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140210170315.33dfc621@notabene.brown
Fixes: a9a6b52ee1ba (SUNRPC: Don't start the retransmission timer...)
Reported-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
ext4: don't try to modify s_flags if the the file system is read-only

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 23301410972330c0ae9a8afc379ba2005e249cc6 upstream.

If an ext4 file system is created by some tool other than mke2fs
(perhaps by someone who has a pathalogical fear of the GPL) that
doesn't set one or the other of the EXT2_FLAGS_{UN}SIGNED_HASH flags,
and that file system is then mounted read-only, don't try to modify
the s_flags field.  Otherwise, if dm_verity is in use, the superblock
will change, causing an dm_verity failure.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
drm/i915/dp: increase native aux defer retry timeout

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 04eada25d1f72efdecd32d702706594f81de65d5 upstream.

Give more slack to sink devices before retrying on native aux
defer. AFAICT the 100 us timeout was not based on the DP spec.

Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
[ luis: backported to 3.5: adjusted context ]
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
drm/i915/dp: add native aux defer retry limit

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit f51a44b9a6c4982cc25bfb3727de9bb893621ebc upstream.

Retrying indefinitely places too much trust on the aux implementation of
the sink devices.

Reported-by: Daniel Martin <consume.noise@gmail.com>
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=71267
Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Tested-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Tested-by: Sree Harsha Totakura <freedesktop@h.totakura.in>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
[ luis: backported to 3.5: adjusted context ]
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
rtlwifi: rtl8192ce: Fix too long disable of IRQs

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit f78bccd79ba3cd9d9664981b501d57bdb81ab8a4 upstream.

rtl8192ce is disabling for too long the local interrupts during hw initiatialisation when performing scans

The observable symptoms in dmesg can be:

- underruns from ALSA playback
- clock freezes (tstamps do not change for several dmesg entries until irqs are finaly reenabled):

[  250.817669] rtlwifi:rtl_op_config():<0-0-0> 0x100
[  250.817685] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_phy_set_rf_power_state():<0-1-0> IPS Set eRf nic enable
[  250.817732] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.817796] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.817910] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818024] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818139] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818253] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818367] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:18051d59:11
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:_rtl92ce_init_mac():<0-1-0> reg0xec:98053f15:10
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:rtl92ce_sw_led_on():<0-1-0> LedAddr:4E ledpin=1
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_download_fw():<0-1-0> Firmware Version(49), Signature(0x88c1),Size(32)
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:rtl92ce_enable_hw_security_config():<0-1-0> PairwiseEncAlgorithm = 0 GroupEncAlgorithm = 0
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:rtl92ce_enable_hw_security_config():<0-1-0> The SECR-value cc
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_check_txpower_tracking_thermal_meter():<0-1-0> Schedule TxPowerTracking direct call!!
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_txpower_tracking_callback_thermalmeter():<0-1-0> rtl92c_dm_txpower_tracking_callback_thermalmeter
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_txpower_tracking_callback_thermalmeter():<0-1-0> Readback Thermal Meter = 0xe pre thermal meter 0xf eeprom_thermalmeter 0xf
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_txpower_tracking_callback_thermalmeter():<0-1-0> Initial pathA ele_d reg0xc80 = 0x40000000, ofdm_index=0xc
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_txpower_tracking_callback_thermalmeter():<0-1-0> Initial reg0xa24 = 0x90e1317, cck_index=0xc, ch14 0
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_txpower_tracking_callback_thermalmeter():<0-1-0> Readback Thermal Meter = 0xe pre thermal meter 0xf eeprom_thermalmeter 0xf delta 0x1 delta_lck 0x0 delta_iqk 0x0
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_txpower_tracking_callback_thermalmeter():<0-1-0> <===
[  250.818472] rtl8192c_common:rtl92c_dm_initialize_txpower_tracking_thermalmeter():<0-1-0> pMgntInfo->txpower_tracking = 1
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:rtl92ce_led_control():<0-1-0> ledaction 3
[  250.818472] rtl8192ce:rtl92ce_sw_led_on():<0-1-0> LedAddr:4E ledpin=1
[  250.818472] rtlwifi:rtl_ips_nic_on():<0-1-0> before spin_unlock_irqrestore
[  251.154656] PCM: Lost interrupts? [Q]-0 (stream=0, delta=15903, new_hw_ptr=293408, old_hw_ptr=277505)

The exact code flow that causes that is:

1. wpa_supplicant send a start_scan request to the nl80211 driver
2. mac80211 module call rtl_op_config with IEEE80211_CONF_CHANGE_IDLE
3.   rtl_ips_nic_on is called which disable local irqs
4.     rtl92c_phy_set_rf_power_state() is called
5.       rtl_ps_enable_nic() is called and hw_init()is executed and then the interrupts on the device are enabled

A good solution could be to refactor the code to avoid calling rtl92ce_hw_init() with the irqs disabled
but a quick and dirty solution that has proven to work is
to reenable the irqs during the function rtl92ce_hw_init().

I think that it is safe doing so since the device interrupt will only be enabled after the init function succeed.

Signed-off-by: Olivier Langlois <olivier@trillion01.com>
Acked-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
rtlwifi: Fix incorrect return from rtl_ps_enable_nic()

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 2e8c5e56b307271c2dab6f8bfd1d8a3822ca2390 upstream.

rtl_ps_enable_nic() is called from loops that will loop until this function returns true or a
maximum number of retries is performed.

hw_init() returns non-zero on error. In that situation return false to
restore the original design intent to retry hw init when it fails.

Signed-off-by: Olivier Langlois <olivier@trillion01.com>
Acked-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
rtl8187: fix regression on MIPS without coherent DMA

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit b6213e413a4e0c66548153516b074df14f9d08e0 upstream.

This patch fixes regression caused by commit a16dad77634 "MIPS: Fix
potencial corruption". That commit fixes one corruption scenario in
cost of adding another one, which actually start to cause crashes
on Yeeloong laptop when rtl8187 driver is used.

For correct DMA read operation on machines without DMA coherence, kernel
have to invalidate cache, such it will refill later with new data that
device wrote to memory, when that data is needed to process. We can only
invalidate full cache line. Hence when cache line includes both dma
buffer and some other data (written in cache, but not yet in main
memory), the other data can not hit memory due to invalidation. That
happen on rtl8187 where struct rtl8187_priv fields are located just
before and after small buffers that are passed to USB layer and DMA
is performed on them.

To fix the problem we align buffers and reserve space after them to make
them match cache line.

This patch does not resolve all possible MIPS problems entirely, for
that we have to assure that we always map cache aligned buffers for DMA,
what can be complex or even not possible. But patch fixes visible and
reproducible regression and seems other possible corruptions do not
happen in practice, since Yeeloong laptop works stable without rtl8187
driver.

Bug report:
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54391

Reported-by: Petr Pisar <petr.pisar@atlas.cz>
Bisected-by: Tom Li <biergaizi2009@gmail.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Tom Li <biergaizi2009@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <stf_xl@wp.pl>
Acked-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.next>
Acked-by: Hin-Tak Leung <htl10@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
PCI: Enable INTx if BIOS left them disabled

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 1f42db786b14a31bf807fc41ee5583a00c08fcb1 upstream.

Some firmware leaves the Interrupt Disable bit set even if the device uses
INTx interrupts.  Clear Interrupt Disable so we get those interrupts.

Based on the report mentioned below, if the user selects the "EHCI only"
option in the Intel Baytrail BIOS, the EHCI device is handed off to the OS
with the PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE bit set.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140114181721.GC12126@xanatos
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70601
Reported-by: Chris Cheng <chris.cheng@atrustcorp.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Jamie Chen <jamie.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
CC: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
cifs: ensure that uncached writes handle unmapped areas correctly

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 5d81de8e8667da7135d3a32a964087c0faf5483f upstream.

It's possible for userland to pass down an iovec via writev() that has a
bogus user pointer in it. If that happens and we're doing an uncached
write, then we can end up getting less bytes than we expect from the
call to iov_iter_copy_from_user. This is CVE-2014-0069

cifs_iovec_write isn't set up to handle that situation however. It'll
blindly keep chugging through the page array and not filling those pages
with anything useful. Worse yet, we'll later end up with a negative
number in wdata->tailsz, which will confuse the sending routines and
cause an oops at the very least.

Fix this by having the copy phase of cifs_iovec_write stop copying data
in this situation and send the last write as a short one. At the same
time, we want to avoid sending a zero-length write to the server, so
break out of the loop and set rc to -EFAULT if that happens. This also
allows us to handle the case where no address in the iovec is valid.

[Note: Marking this for stable on v3.4+ kernels, but kernels as old as
       v2.6.38 may have a similar problem and may need similar fix]

Reviewed-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru>
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
ext4: fix online resize with a non-standard blocks per group setting

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 3d2660d0c9c2f296837078c189b68a47f6b2e3b5 upstream.

The set_flexbg_block_bitmap() function assumed that the number of
blocks in a blockgroup was sb->blocksize * 8, which is normally true,
but not always!  Use EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) instead, to fix block
bitmap corruption after:

mke2fs -t ext4 -g 3072 -i 4096 /dev/vdd 1G
mount -t ext4 /dev/vdd /vdd
resize2fs /dev/vdd 8G

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Jon Bernard <jbernard@tuxion.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
ext4: don't leave i_crtime.tv_sec uninitialized

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 19ea80603715d473600cd993b9987bc97d042e02 upstream.

If the i_crtime field is not present in the inode, don't leave the
field uninitialized.

Fixes: ef7f38359 ("ext4: Add nanosecond timestamps")
Reported-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
ALSA: usb-audio: work around KEF X300A firmware bug

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 624aef494f86ed0c58056361c06347ad62b26806 upstream.

When the driver tries to access Function Unit 10, the KEF X300A
speakers' firmware apparently locks up, making even PCM streaming
impossible.  Work around this by ignoring this FU.

Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
[ luis: backported to 3.5: adjusted context ]
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
avr32: fix missing module.h causing build failure in mimc200/fram.c

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 5745d6a41a4f4aec29e2ccd591c6fb09ed73a955 upstream.

Causing this:

In file included from arch/avr32/boards/mimc200/fram.c:13:
include/linux/miscdevice.h:51: error: field 'list' has incomplete type
include/linux/miscdevice.h:55: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'mode_t'
arch/avr32/boards/mimc200/fram.c:42: error: 'THIS_MODULE' undeclared here (not in a function)

Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox@gentoo.org>
Acked-by: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
avr32: Makefile: add '-D__linux__' flag for gcc-4.4.7 use

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 8d80390cfc9434d5aa4fb9e5f9768a66b30cb8a6 upstream.

For avr32 cross compiler, do not define '__linux__' internally, so it
will cause issue with allmodconfig.

The related error:

    CC [M]  fs/coda/psdev.o
  In file included from include/linux/coda.h:64,
                   from fs/coda/psdev.c:45:
  include/uapi/linux/coda.h:221: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'u_quad_t'

The related toolchain version (which only download, not re-compile):

  [root@gchen linux-next]# /upstream/toolchain/download/avr32-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86/bin/avr32-gcc -v
  Using built-in specs.
  Target: avr32
  Configured with: /data2/home/toolsbuild/jenkins-knuth/workspace/avr32-gnu-toolchain/src/gcc/configure --target=avr32 --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --prefix=/home/toolsbuild/jenkins-knuth/workspace/avr32-gnu-toolchain/avr32-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86 --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-nls --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --with-dwarf2 --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --disable-shared --enable-doc --with-mpfr-lib=/home/toolsbuild/jenkins-knuth/workspace/avr32-gnu-toolchain/avr32-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86/lib --with-mpfr-include=/home/toolsbuild/jenkins-knuth/workspace/avr32-gnu-toolchain/avr32-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86/include --with-gmp=/home/toolsbuild/jenkins-knuth/workspace/avr32-gnu-toolchain/avr32-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86 --with-mpc=/home/toolsbuild/jenkins-knuth/workspace/avr32-gnu-toolchain/avr32-gnu-toolchain-linux_x86 --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-shared --with-newlib --with-pkgversion=AVR_32_bit_GNU_Toolchain_3.4.2_435 --with-bugurl=http://www
.atmel.com/avr
  Thread model: single
  gcc version 4.4.7 (AVR_32_bit_GNU_Toolchain_3.4.2_435)

Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <hegtvedt@cisco.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
ARM: 7957/1: add DSB after icache flush in __flush_icache_all()

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1295768

commit 39544ac9df20f73e49fc6b9ac19ff533388c82c0 upstream.

Add DSB after icache flush to complete the cache maintenance operation.

Signed-off-by: Vinayak Kale <vkale@apm.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>