librustc: Tie up loose ends in unboxed closures.

This patch primarily does two things: (1) it prevents lifetimes from
leaking out of unboxed closures; (2) it allows unboxed closure type
notation, call notation, and construction notation to construct closures
matching any of the three traits.

This breaks code that looked like:

    let mut f;
    {
        let x = &5i;
        f = |&mut:| *x + 10;
    }

Change this code to avoid having a reference escape. For example:

    {
        let x = &5i;
        let mut f; // <-- move here to avoid dangling reference
        f = |&mut:| *x + 10;
    }

I believe this is enough to consider unboxed closures essentially
implemented. Further issues (for example, higher-rank lifetimes) should
be filed as followups.

Closes #14449.

[breaking-change]

r? @pnkfelix