ftrace/x86: Add dynamic allocated trampoline for ftrace_ops

The current method of handling multiple function callbacks is to register
a list function callback that calls all the other callbacks based on
their hash tables and compare it to the function that the callback was
called on. But this is very inefficient.

For example, if you are tracing all functions in the kernel and then
add a kprobe to a function such that the kprobe uses ftrace, the
mcount trampoline will switch from calling the function trace callback
to calling the list callback that will iterate over all registered
ftrace_ops (in this case, the function tracer and the kprobes callback).
That means for every function being traced it checks the hash of the
ftrace_ops for function tracing and kprobes, even though the kprobes
is only set at a single function. The kprobes ftrace_ops is checked
for every function being traced!

Instead of calling the list function for functions that are only being
traced by a single callback, we can call a dynamically allocated
trampoline that calls the callback directly. The function graph tracer
already uses a direct call trampoline when it is being traced by itself
but it is not dynamically allocated. It's trampoline is static in the
kernel core. The infrastructure that called the function graph trampoline
can also be used to call a dynamically allocated one.

For now, only ftrace_ops that are not dynamically allocated can have
a trampoline. That is, users such as function tracer or stack tracer.
kprobes and perf allocate their ftrace_ops, and until there's a safe
way to free the trampoline, it can not be used. The dynamically allocated
ftrace_ops may, although, use the trampoline if the kernel is not
compiled with CONFIG_PREEMPT. But that will come later.

Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftrace/x86: Show trampoline call function in enabled_functions

The file /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/eneabled_functions is used to debug
ftrace function hooks. Add to the output what function is being called
by the trampoline if the arch supports it.

Add support for this feature in x86_64.

Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftracetest: Add kprobes on ftrace testcase

Add a kprobes on ftrace testcase. The testcase verifies that
- enabling and disabling function tracing works on a function which
  already contains a dynamic kprobe
- adding and removing a dynamic kprobe works on a function which is
  already enabled for function tracing

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/1413802323-5297-2-git-send-email-heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftracetest: Sort testcases

Make sure the order of the executed testcases is always the same.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/1413802323-5297-3-git-send-email-heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftracetest: Add functions file that holds helper functions

Created the file tools/testing/ftrace/test.d/functions that will
hold helper functions.

Current helper functions include:

 Add clear_trace() helper to reset the trace file

   Used as a descriptive name to show that "echo > trace" is clearing
   the trace file.

 Add disable/enable_tracing() helper calls

   Add calls that disable and enable tracing respectively by echoing
   0 or 1 into tracing_on.

 Add helper reset_tracer() function

    Add a helper function reset_tracer() that will clear the current_tracer
    (echo nop > current_tracer).

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141103212737.696365174@goodmis.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141104153028.465517119@goodmis.org

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftracetest: Add a couple of ftrace test cases

Added three test cases to get the feel of adding tests to ftracetest.
The three cases are:

  function profiling test, to make sure function profiling still works
   with function tracing (was a regression)

  function graph filter test to make sure that function graph filtering works.

  function graph filter with stack tracing test to make sure that the function
   graph filter does filter and also continues to filter when another function tracer
   is running (like the stack tracer)

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141103212737.696365174@goodmis.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141104153028.602754370@goodmis.org

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftracetest: Use logfile name supported by busybox's mktemp

When I run the ftracetest in a busybox docker container, I saw
following error.  Make the logfile template to comply with busybox's
mktemp.  It also keep the logfiles under the logs directory.

  # /linux/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/ftracetest
  === Ftrace unit tests ===
  mktemp: unrecognized option `--tmpdir=/linux/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/logs/20141106-003624/'
  BusyBox v1.22.1 (2014-05-22 23:22:11 UTC) multi-call binary.

  Usage: mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]

  Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name.
  TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
  Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.

  	-d	  Make directory, not file
  	-q	  Fail silently on errors
  	-t	  Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE
  	-p DIR	  Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t)
  	-u Do not create anything; print a name

  Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp

  [1] Basic trace file check/linux/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/ftracetest: line 244: can't create : nonexistent directory
  /linux/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/ftracetest: line 244: can't create : nonexistent directory
						  [FAIL]

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415239470-28705-1-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftracetest: Clear trace buffer after running kprobe testcases

The kprobe testcases create, use and delete dynamic events during the
test but didn't clear the trace buffer so it'll leave the result after
it finishes.

  # ./ftracetest
  ...

  # cat trace
  # tracer: nop
  #
  # entries-in-buffer/entries-written: 2/2   #P:12
  #
  #                              _-----=> irqs-off
  #                             / _----=> need-resched
  #                            | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
  #                            || / _--=> preempt-depth
  #                            ||| /     delay
  #           TASK-PID   CPU#  ||||    TIMESTAMP  FUNCTION
  #              | |       |   ||||       |         |
        ftracetest-26474 [009] d..1 79417.143782: Unknown type 1099
        ftracetest-26498 [009] d..1 79417.208034: Unknown type 1101

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415239470-28705-2-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftracetest: Add basic event tracing test cases

This patch adds basic event tracing tests like enable/disable with
top-level, subsystem-level and individual event files.

  # ./ftracetest
  === Ftrace unit tests ===
  [1] Basic trace file check	[PASS]
  [2] Basic trace clock test	[PASS]
  [3] Basic event tracing check	[PASS]
  [4] Basic test for tracers	[PASS]
  [5] event tracing - enable/disable with top level files	[PASS]
  [6] event tracing - enable/disable with subsystem level files	[PASS]
  [7] event tracing - enable/disable with event level files	[PASS]
  [8] ftrace - function graph filters	[PASS]
  [9] ftrace - function profiler with function tracing	[PASS]
  [10] ftrace - function graph filters with stack tracer	[PASS]
  [11] Kretprobe dynamic event with arguments	[PASS]
  [12] Kprobe dynamic event - busy event check	[PASS]
  [13] Kprobe dynamic event with arguments	[PASS]
  [14] Kprobe dynamic event - adding and removing	[PASS]

  # of passed:  14
  # of failed:  0
  # of unresolved:  0
  # of untested:  0
  # of unsupported:  0
  # of xfailed:  0
  # of undefined(test bug):  0

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415239470-28705-3-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org

Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftrace/x86: Allow !CONFIG_PREEMPT dynamic ops to use allocated trampolines

When the static ftrace_ops (like function tracer) enables tracing, and it
is the only callback that is referencing a function, a trampoline is
dynamically allocated to the function that calls the callback directly
instead of calling a loop function that iterates over all the registered
ftrace ops (if more than one ops is registered).

But when it comes to dynamically allocated ftrace_ops, where they may be
freed, on a CONFIG_PREEMPT kernel there's no way to know when it is safe
to free the trampoline. If a task was preempted while executing on the
trampoline, there's currently no way to know when it will be off that
trampoline.

But this is not true when it comes to !CONFIG_PREEMPT. The current method
of calling schedule_on_each_cpu() will force tasks off the trampoline,
becaues they can not schedule while on it (kernel preemption is not
configured). That means it is safe to free a dynamically allocated
ftrace ops trampoline when CONFIG_PREEMPT is not configured.

Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftrace: Add more information to ftrace_bug() output

With the introduction of the dynamic trampolines, it is useful that if
things go wrong that ftrace_bug() produces more information about what
the current state is. This can help debug issues that may arise.

Ftrace has lots of checks to make sure that the state of the system it
touchs is exactly what it expects it to be. When it detects an abnormality
it calls ftrace_bug() and disables itself to prevent any further damage.
It is crucial that ftrace_bug() produces sufficient information that
can be used to debug the situation.

Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Kill tracing_{start,stop}_sched_switch_record() and tracing_sched_switch_assign_trace()

tracing_{start,stop}_sched_switch_record() have no callers since
87d80de2800d "tracing: Remove obsolete sched_switch tracer".

The last caller of tracing_sched_switch_assign_trace() was removed
by 30dbb20e68e6 "tracing: Remove boot tracer".

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/20140723193501.GA30214@redhat.com

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Kill the dead code in probe_sched_switch() and probe_sched_wakeup()

After the previous patch it is clear that "tracer_enabled" can never be
true, we can remove the "if (tracer_enabled)" code in probe_sched_switch()
and probe_sched_wakeup(). Plus we can obviously remove tracer_enabled,
ctx_trace, and sched_stopped as well.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/20140723193503.GA30217@redhat.com

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Move tracing_sched_{switch,wakeup}() into wakeup tracer

The only code that references tracing_sched_switch_trace() and
tracing_sched_wakeup_trace() is the wakeup latency tracer. Those
two functions use to belong to the sched_switch tracer which has
long been removed. These functions were left behind because the
wakeup latency tracer used them. But since the wakeup latency tracer
is the only one to use them, they should be static functions inside
that code.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Add entry->next_cpu to trace_ctxwake_bin()

Function trace_ctxwake_bin() misses ctx_switch_entry->next_cpu field,
so user will get stale value for "next_cpu".

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/1377176379-27908-1-git-send-email-liuj97@gmail.com

Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ftrace: Have the control_ops get a trampoline

With the new logic, if only a single user of ftrace function hooks is
used, it will get its own trampoline assigned to it.

The problem is that the control_ops is an indirect ops that perf ops
uses. What that means is that when perf registers its ops with
register_ftrace_function(), it has the CONTROL flag set and gets added
to the control list instead of the global ftrace list. The control_ops
gets added to that instead and the mcount trampoline calls the control_ops
function. The control_ops function will iterate the control list and
call the ops functions that are attached to it.

But currently the trampoline is added to the perf ops and not the
control ops, and when ftrace tries to find a trampoline hook for it,
it fails to find one and gives the following splat:

 ------------[ cut here ]------------
 WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 10133 at kernel/trace/ftrace.c:2033 ftrace_get_addr_new+0x6f/0xc0()
 Modules linked in: [...]
 CPU: 0 PID: 10133 Comm: perf Tainted: P               3.18.0-rc1-test+ #388
 Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq Pro 6300 SFF/339A, BIOS K01 v02.05 05/07/2012
  00000000000007f1 ffff8800c2643bc8 ffffffff814fca6e ffff88011ea0ed01
  0000000000000000 ffff8800c2643c08 ffffffff81041ffd 0000000000000000
  ffffffff810c388c ffffffff81a5a350 ffff880119b00000 ffffffff810001c8
 Call Trace:
  [<ffffffff814fca6e>] dump_stack+0x46/0x58
  [<ffffffff81041ffd>] warn_slowpath_common+0x81/0x9b
  [<ffffffff810c388c>] ? ftrace_get_addr_new+0x6f/0xc0
  [<ffffffff810001c8>] ? 0xffffffff810001c8
  [<ffffffff81042031>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x1c
  [<ffffffff810c388c>] ftrace_get_addr_new+0x6f/0xc0
  [<ffffffff8102e938>] ftrace_replace_code+0xd6/0x334
  [<ffffffff810c4116>] ftrace_modify_all_code+0x41/0xc5
  [<ffffffff8102eba6>] arch_ftrace_update_code+0x10/0x19
  [<ffffffff810c293c>] ftrace_run_update_code+0x21/0x42
  [<ffffffff810c298f>] ftrace_startup_enable+0x32/0x34
  [<ffffffff810c3049>] ftrace_startup+0x14e/0x15a
  [<ffffffff810c307c>] register_ftrace_function+0x27/0x40
  [<ffffffff810dc118>] perf_ftrace_event_register+0x3e/0xee
  [<ffffffff810dbfbe>] perf_trace_init+0x29d/0x2a9
  [<ffffffff810eb422>] perf_tp_event_init+0x27/0x3a
  [<ffffffff810f18bc>] perf_init_event+0x9e/0xed
  [<ffffffff810f1ba4>] perf_event_alloc+0x299/0x330
  [<ffffffff810f236b>] SYSC_perf_event_open+0x3ee/0x816
  [<ffffffff8115a066>] ? mntput+0x2d/0x2f
  [<ffffffff81142b00>] ? __fput+0xa7/0x1b2
  [<ffffffff81091300>] ? do_gettimeofday+0x22/0x3a
  [<ffffffff810f279c>] SyS_perf_event_open+0x9/0xb
  [<ffffffff81502a92>] system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x17
 ---[ end trace 81a53565150e4982 ]---
 Bad trampoline accounting at: ffffffff810001c8 (run_init_process+0x0/0x2d) (10000001)

Update the control_ops trampoline instead of the perf ops one.

Reported-by: lkp@01.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Fix traceoff_on_warning handling on boot command line

According to the documentation, adding "traceoff_on_warning" to the boot
command line should be enough to enable the feature. But right now it is
necessary to specify "traceoff_on_warning=". Along with fixing that, also
verify if the value passed, if any, is either "0" or "off".

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141112231400.GL12281@uudg.org

Signed-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: kdb: Fix kernel panic during ftdump

Currently kdb's ftdump command unconditionally crashes due to a null
pointer de-reference whenever the command is run. This in turn causes
the kernel to panic.

The abridged stacktrace (gathered with ARCH=arm) is:

--- cut here ---
[<c09535ac>] (panic) from [<c02132dc>] (die+0x264/0x440)
[<c02132dc>] (die) from [<c0952eb8>]
(__do_kernel_fault.part.11+0x74/0x84)
[<c0952eb8>] (__do_kernel_fault.part.11) from [<c021f954>]
(do_page_fault+0x1d0/0x3c4)
[<c021f954>] (do_page_fault) from [<c020846c>] (do_DataAbort+0x48/0xac)

[<c020846c>] (do_DataAbort) from [<c0213c58>] (__dabt_svc+0x38/0x60)
Exception stack(0xc0deba88 to 0xc0debad0)
ba80:                   e8c29180 00000001 e9854304 e9854300 c0f567d8
c0df2580
baa0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 c0f117b8 c0e3a3c0 c0debb0c 00000000
c0debad0
bac0: 0000672e c02f4d60 60000193 ffffffff
[<c0213c58>] (__dabt_svc) from [<c02f4d60>] (kdb_ftdump+0x1e4/0x3d8)
[<c02f4d60>] (kdb_ftdump) from [<c02ce328>] (kdb_parse+0x2b8/0x698)
[<c02ce328>] (kdb_parse) from [<c02ceef0>] (kdb_main_loop+0x52c/0x784)
[<c02ceef0>] (kdb_main_loop) from [<c02d1b0c>] (kdb_stub+0x238/0x490)
--- cut here ---

The NULL deref occurs due to the initialized use of struct trace_iter's
buffer_iter member.

This is a regression, albeit a fairly elderly one. It was introduced
by commit 6d158a813efc ("tracing: Remove NR_CPUS array from
trace_iterator").

This patch solves this by providing a collection of ring_buffer_iter(s)
and using this to initialize buffer_iter. Note that static allocation
is used solely because the trace_iter itself is also static allocated.
Static allocation also means that we have to NULL-ify the pointer during
cleanup to avoid use-after-free problems.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415277716-19419-2-git-send-email-daniel.thompson@linaro.org

Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: kdb: Fix kernel livelock with empty buffers

Currently kdb's ftdump command will livelock by constantly printk'ing
the empty string at KERN_EMERG level if it run when the ftrace system is
not in use. This occurs because trace_empty() never returns false when
the ring buffers are left at the start of a non-consuming read [launched
by ring_buffer_read_start()].

This patch changes the loop exit condition to use the result of
trace_find_next_entry_inc(). Effectively this switches the non-consuming
kdb dumper to follow the approach of the non-consuming userspace
interface [s_next()] rather than the consuming ftrace_dump().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415277716-19419-3-git-send-email-daniel.thompson@linaro.org

Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Replace seq_printf by simpler equivalents

Using seq_printf to print a simple string or a single character is a
lot more expensive than it needs to be, since seq_puts and seq_putc
exist.

These patches do

  seq_printf(m, s) -> seq_puts(m, s)
  seq_printf(m, "%s", s) -> seq_puts(m, s)
  seq_printf(m, "%c", c) -> seq_putc(m, c)

Subsequent patches will simplify further.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415479332-25944-2-git-send-email-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>