Fix for #77 - pass ambient values not in the template to constraints

This change adds tests and makes the behavior consistent with legacy MVC
as far as what values are visible in constraints.

This is important because it allows constraints to make decisions based on
whether or not a value is present even if it's not in the template. This
is similar to the behavior of WebAPI link generation or Area link
generation in MVC 5 - but without hardcoding.
why? this is an implementation detail and we'll certainly be back to this code to optimize allocations here - including (I expect) changing these data to be a custom type. in the pre-k world we would have made this an internal class.