Fix and enhance the assertion of no palloc's in a critical section.

The assertion failed if WAL_DEBUG or LWLOCK_STATS was enabled; fix that by
using separate memory contexts for the allocations made within those code
blocks.

This patch introduces a mechanism for marking any memory context as allowed
in a critical section. Previously ErrorContext was exempt as a special case.

Instead of a blanket exception of the checkpointer process, only exempt the
memory context used for the pending ops hash table.
Check interrupts during logical decoding more frequently.

When reading large amounts of preexisting WAL during logical decoding
using the SQL interface we possibly could fail to check interrupts in
due time. Similarly the same could happen on systems with a very high
WAL volume while creating a new logical replication slot, independent
of the used interface.

Previously these checks where only performed in xlogreader's read_page
callbacks, while waiting for new WAL to be produced. That's not
sufficient though, if there's never a need to wait.  Walsender's send
loop already contains a interrupt check.

Backpatch to 9.4 where the logical decoding feature was introduced.
Fix typos in the cluster_name commit.

Thom Brown and Fujii Masao
Don't prematurely free the BufferAccessStrategy in pgstat_heap().

This function continued to use it after heap_endscan() freed it.  In
passing, don't explicit create a strategy here.  Instead, use the one
created by heap_beginscan_strat(), if any.  Back-patch to 9.2, where use
of a BufferAccessStrategy here was introduced.
pg_upgrade:  update C comments about pg_dumpall

There were some C comments that hadn't been updated from the switch of
using only pg_dumpall to using pg_dump and pg_dumpall, so update them.
Also, don't bother using --schema-only for pg_dumpall --globals-only.

Backpatch through 9.4
Allow empty replacement strings in contrib/unaccent.

This is useful in languages where diacritic signs are represented as
separate characters; it's also one step towards letting unaccent be used
for arbitrary substring substitutions.

In passing, improve the user documentation for unaccent, which was sadly
vague about some important details.

Mohammad Alhashash, reviewed by Abhijit Menon-Sen
Allow multi-character source strings in contrib/unaccent.

This could be useful in languages where diacritic signs are represented as
separate characters; more generally it supports using unaccent dictionaries
for substring substitutions beyond narrowly conceived "diacritic removal".
In any case, since the rule-file parser doesn't complain about
multi-character source strings, it behooves us to do something unsurprising
with them.
Issue a WARNING about invalid rule file format in contrib/unaccent.

We were already issuing a WARNING, albeit only elog not ereport, for
duplicate source strings; so warning rather than just being stoically
silent seems like the best thing to do here.  Arguably both of these
complaints should be upgraded to ERRORs, but that might be more
behavioral change than people want.

Note: the faulty line is already printed via an errcontext hook,
so there's no need for more information than these messages provide.
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/bwalenz/postgres into duke-psql