[SPARK-3392] [SQL] Show value spark.sql.shuffle.partitions for mapred.reduce.tasks

This is a tiny fix for getting the value of "mapred.reduce.tasks", which make more sense for the hive user.
As well as the command "set -v", which should output verbose information for all of the key/values.

Author: Cheng Hao <hao.cheng@intel.com>

Closes #2261 from chenghao-intel/set_mapreduce_tasks and squashes the following commits:

653858a [Cheng Hao] show value spark.sql.shuffle.partitions for mapred.reduce.tasks
[SPARK-3391][EC2] Support attaching up to 8 EBS volumes.

Please merge this at the same time as https://github.com/mesos/spark-ec2/pull/66

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

Closes #2260 from rxin/ec2-ebs-vol and squashes the following commits:

b9527d9 [Reynold Xin] Removed io1 ebs type.
bf9c403 [Reynold Xin] Made EBS volume type configurable.
c8e25ea [Reynold Xin] Support up to 8 EBS volumes.
adf4f2e [Reynold Xin] Revert git repo change.
020c542 [Reynold Xin] [SPARK-3391] Support attaching more than 1 EBS volumes.
[Docs] fix minor MLlib case typo

Also make the list of features consistent in style.

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #2278 from nchammas/patch-1 and squashes the following commits:

56df319 [Nicholas Chammas] [Docs] fix minor MLlib case typo
[SPARK-3260] yarn - pass acls along with executor launch

Pass along the acl settings when we launch a container so that they can be applied to viewing the logs on a running NodeManager.

Author: Thomas Graves <tgraves@apache.org>

Closes #2185 from tgravescs/SPARK-3260 and squashes the following commits:

6f94b5a [Thomas Graves] make unit test more robust
28b9dd3 [Thomas Graves] yarn - pass acls along with executor launch
[SPARK-3375] spark on yarn container allocation issues

If yarn doesn't get the containers immediately it stops asking for them and the yarn application hangs with never getting any executors.

The issue here is that we are sending the number of containers as 0 after we send the original one of X. on the yarn side this clears out the original request.

For a ping we should just send empty asks.

Author: Thomas Graves <tgraves@apache.org>

Closes #2275 from tgravescs/SPARK-3375 and squashes the following commits:

74b6820 [Thomas Graves] send empty resource requests when we aren't asking for containers
[SPARK-3399][PySpark] Test for PySpark should ignore HADOOP_CONF_DIR and YARN_CONF_DIR

Author: Kousuke Saruta <sarutak@oss.nttdata.co.jp>

Closes #2270 from sarutak/SPARK-3399 and squashes the following commits:

7613be6 [Kousuke Saruta] Modified pyspark script to ignore environment variables YARN_CONF_DIR and HADOOP_CONF_DIR while testing
SPARK-3211 .take() is OOM-prone with empty partitions

Instead of jumping straight from 1 partition to all partitions, do exponential
growth and double the number of partitions to attempt each time instead.

Fix proposed by Paul Nepywoda

Author: Andrew Ash <andrew@andrewash.com>

Closes #2117 from ash211/SPARK-3211 and squashes the following commits:

8b2299a [Andrew Ash] Quadruple instead of double for a minor speedup
e5f7e4d [Andrew Ash] Update comment to better reflect what we're doing
09a27f7 [Andrew Ash] Update PySpark to be less OOM-prone as well
3a156b8 [Andrew Ash] SPARK-3211 .take() is OOM-prone with empty partitions
[Build] suppress curl/wget progress bars

In the Jenkins console output, `curl` gives us mountains of `#` symbols as it tries to show its download progress.

![noise from curl in Jenkins output](http://i.imgur.com/P2E7yUw.png)

I don't think this is useful so I've changed things to suppress these progress bars. If there is actually some use to this, feel free to reject this proposal.

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #2279 from nchammas/trim-test-output and squashes the following commits:

14a720c [Nicholas Chammas] suppress curl/wget progress bars
[SPARK-3361] Expand PEP 8 checks to include EC2 script and Python examples

This PR resolves [SPARK-3361](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3361) by expanding the PEP 8 checks to cover the remaining Python code base:
* The EC2 script
* All Python / PySpark examples

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #2297 from nchammas/pep8-rulez and squashes the following commits:

1e5ac9a [Nicholas Chammas] PEP 8 fixes to Python examples
c3dbeff [Nicholas Chammas] PEP 8 fixes to EC2 script
65ef6e8 [Nicholas Chammas] expand PEP 8 checks
[SPARK-3409][SQL] Avoid pulling in Exchange operator itself in Exchange's closures.

This is a tiny teeny optimization to move the if check of sortBasedShuffledOn to outside the closures so the closures don't need to pull in the entire Exchange operator object.

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

Closes #2282 from rxin/SPARK-3409 and squashes the following commits:

1de3f88 [Reynold Xin] [SPARK-3409][SQL] Avoid pulling in Exchange operator itself in Exchange's closures.
[EC2] don't duplicate default values

This PR makes two minor changes to the `spark-ec2` script:

1. The script's input parameter default values are duplicated into the help text. This is unnecessary. This PR replaces the duplicated info with the appropriate `optparse`  placeholder.
2. The default Spark version currently needs to be updated by hand during each release, which is known to be a faulty process. This PR places that default value in an easy-to-spot place.

Author: Nicholas Chammas <nicholas.chammas@gmail.com>

Closes #2290 from nchammas/spark-ec2-default-version and squashes the following commits:

0c6d3bb [Nicholas Chammas] don't duplicate default values
[SPARK-2419][Streaming][Docs] More updates to the streaming programming guide

- Improvements to the kinesis integration guide from @cfregly
- More information about unified input dstreams in main guide

Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Author: Chris Fregly <chris@fregly.com>

Closes #2307 from tdas/streaming-doc-fix1 and squashes the following commits:

ec40b5d [Tathagata Das] Updated figure with kinesis
fdb9c5e [Tathagata Das] Fixed style issues with kinesis guide
036d219 [Chris Fregly] updated kinesis docs and added an arch diagram
24f622a [Tathagata Das] More modifications.
Spark-3406 add a default storage level to python RDD persist API

Author: Holden Karau <holden@pigscanfly.ca>

Closes #2280 from holdenk/SPARK-3406-Python-RDD-persist-api-does-not-have-default-storage-level and squashes the following commits:

33eaade [Holden Karau] As Josh pointed out, sql also override persist. Make persist behave the same as in the underlying RDD as well
e658227 [Holden Karau] Fix the test I added
e95a6c5 [Holden Karau] The Python persist function did not have a default storageLevel unlike the Scala API. Noticed this issue because we got a bug report back from the book where we had documented it as if it was the same as the Scala API
[SPARK-3397] Bump pom.xml version number of master branch to 1.2.0-SNAPSHOT

Author: GuoQiang Li <witgo@qq.com>

Closes #2268 from witgo/SPARK-3397 and squashes the following commits:

eaf913f [GuoQiang Li] Bump pom.xml version number of master branch to 1.2.0-SNAPSHOT
[SPARK-3273][SPARK-3301]We should read the version information from the same place

Author: GuoQiang Li <witgo@qq.com>

Closes #2175 from witgo/SPARK-3273 and squashes the following commits:

cf9c65a [GuoQiang Li] We should read the version information from the same place
2a44e2f [GuoQiang Li] The spark version in the welcome message of pyspark is not correct
[SPARK-2334] fix AttributeError when call PipelineRDD.id()

The underline JavaRDD for PipelineRDD is created lazily, it's delayed until call _jrdd.

The id of JavaRDD is cached as `_id`, it saves a RPC call in py4j for later calls.

closes #1276

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #2296 from davies/id and squashes the following commits:

e197958 [Davies Liu] fix style
9721716 [Davies Liu] fix id of PipelineRDD
[SPARK-3353] parent stage should have lower stage id.

Previously parent stages had higher stage id, but parent stages are executed first. This pull request changes the behavior so parent stages would have lower stage id.

For example, command:
```scala
sc.parallelize(1 to 10).map(x=>(x,x)).reduceByKey(_+_).count
```
breaks down into 2 stages.

The old web UI:
![screen shot 2014-09-04 at 12 42 44 am](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/323388/4146177/60fb4f42-3407-11e4-819f-853eb0e22b25.png)

Web UI with this patch:
![screen shot 2014-09-04 at 12 44 55 am](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/323388/4146178/62e08e62-3407-11e4-867b-a36b10534464.png)

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

Closes #2273 from rxin/lower-stage-id and squashes the following commits:

abbb4c6 [Reynold Xin] Fixed SparkListenerSuite.
0e02379 [Reynold Xin] Updated DAGSchedulerSuite.
54ccea3 [Reynold Xin] [SPARK-3353] parent stage should have lower stage id.
[SPARK-3394] [SQL] Fix crash in TakeOrdered when limit is 0

This resolves https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3394

Author: Eric Liang <ekl@google.com>

Closes #2264 from ericl/spark-3394 and squashes the following commits:

c87355b [Eric Liang] refactor
bfb6140 [Eric Liang] change RDD takeOrdered instead
7a51528 [Eric Liang] fix takeordered when limit = 0
[SQL] Update SQL Programming Guide

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>
Author: Yin Huai <huai@cse.ohio-state.edu>

Closes #2258 from marmbrus/sqlDocUpdate and squashes the following commits:

f3d450b [Michael Armbrust] fix brackets
bea3bfa [Michael Armbrust] Davies suggestions
3a29fe2 [Michael Armbrust] tighten visibility
a71aa36 [Michael Armbrust] Draft of doc updates
52932c0 [Michael Armbrust] Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into sqlDocUpdate
1e8c849 [Yin Huai] Update the example used for applySchema.
9457c39 [Yin Huai] Update doc.
31ba240 [Yin Huai] Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into dataTypeDoc
29bc668 [Yin Huai] Draft doc for data type and schema APIs.
[SPARK-3408] Fixed Limit operator so it works with sort-based shuffle.

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

Closes #2281 from rxin/sql-limit-sort and squashes the following commits:

1ef7780 [Reynold Xin] [SPARK-3408] Fixed Limit operator so it works with sort-based shuffle.