chore(test-bed): add fromInjector constructor to TestBed

Some clients do not generate static factories for test code, and instead
directly depend on TestBed constructor. This commit adds a new
constructor is basically the injector factory method, requiring only
injector vs a full set of parameters.

Once clients have been moved to use fromInjector method (or even better
a transformer run for test code), we can change the constructor
dependencies in a non-breaking way.

Closes #1271
chore(intl): support newer version of "intl"

Angular's pubspec for intl spans versions with breaking changes.  For
Angular, a change in date formatting would be a breaking change but
changes do to CLDR updates are not breaking changes.  This commit
updates a test to swap out a locale with a CLDR update to one that
wasn't updated to enable it to pass across the CLDR breaking change.

Closes #1203
fix(benchmark): Remove obsolete DI call
refactor(element_binder): Remove bindAttrName
chore(examples): Add a PolymerJS paper component using attribute mappings
feat(element binder): Bind to Web Component properties

Closes #1277
chore(example): Add paper-checkbox to the paper demo
chore(karma): Restrict the numbers of files watched for faster startup
chore(example): In the Paper example, make the checkbox less confusing
perf(dccd): Drop useless checks

in _recordAdd(), previous could never be null as the list is never empty
(it has at least a marker).
in _recordRemove(), when the list is composed of a single record, it
must be the record we're trying to remove (and we assert that).

Closes #1256
refactor(dccd): Drop the insertBefore arg from DuplicateMap.put()

Fixes #1128
Closes #1132

The insertBefore argument is never used in the current code
refactor: code cleanup

Closes #1061
feat(components): adds support for multiple insertion points