Trivial code style fixes

Mainly to sync mine and official repo.

No functional change.
Convert TT depth to int8_t

Now that half plies have been removed from the engine, we can encode
TT depth into an int8_t.

Range is -128 to +127, so it goes still further than the previous
limit of 121 plies (with ONE_PLY == 2 where depth - DEPTH_NONE was
encoded as an uint8_t).

No functional change.

Resolved #60
Speculative prefetch

Idea by Peter Oesterlund.
Implemented and tested by Joerg Oester

STC 3 threads
ELO: 3.19 +-2.1 (95%) LOS: 99.9%
Total: 40000 W: 7576 L: 7209 D: 25215

LTC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,6.00]
Total: 22026 W: 3829 L: 3619 D: 14578

STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-1.50,4.50]
Total: 7291 W: 1531 L: 1404 D: 4356

No functional change

Resolves #61
Extend King Threats to all pieces (other than pawns).

STC
LLR: 2.99 (-2.94,2.94) [-1.50,4.50]
Total: 20559 W: 4261 L: 4095 D: 12203

LTC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,4.00]
Total: 75232 W: 13097 L: 12696 D: 49439

Bench: 7543790

Resolves #63
Reformat and rename hash_after_move()

Align to standard coding style and properly use
enum types. Rename while there.

No functional change.
Simplify futility move count array formula

No functional change