(SERVER-88) catch errors before they get to Jetty

Add a 'catch-all' middleware to both the Master and CA ring handlers
which catches any Exception, logs it, and returns a simple error message
in the response body.  This prevents Exceptions from propagating all the
way out to Jetty - if this happens, Jetty will generate HTML from the
stacktrace and return this to the client.
Looks like the `request-handler`, `ca`, and `puppet-env` aliases aren't used anymore.