[SPARK-4008] Fix "kryo with fold" in KryoSerializerSuite

`zeroValue` will be serialized by `spark.closure.serializer` but `spark.closure.serializer` only supports the default Java serializer. So it must not be `ClassWithoutNoArgConstructor`, which can not be serialized by the Java serializer.

This PR changed `zeroValue` to null and updated the test to make it work correctly.

Author: zsxwing <zsxwing@gmail.com>

Closes #2856 from zsxwing/SPARK-4008 and squashes the following commits:

51da655 [zsxwing] [SPARK-4008] Fix "kryo with fold" in KryoSerializerSuite
[SPARK-3904] [SQL] add constant objectinspector support for udfs

In HQL, we convert all of the data type into normal `ObjectInspector`s for UDFs, most of cases it works, however, some of the UDF actually requires its children `ObjectInspector` to be the `ConstantObjectInspector`, which will cause exception.
e.g.
select named_struct("x", "str") from src limit 1;

I updated the method `wrap` by adding the one more parameter `ObjectInspector`(to describe what it expects to wrap to, for example: java.lang.Integer or IntWritable).

As well as the `unwrap` method by providing the input `ObjectInspector`.

Author: Cheng Hao <hao.cheng@intel.com>

Closes #2762 from chenghao-intel/udf_coi and squashes the following commits:

bcacfd7 [Cheng Hao] Shim for both Hive 0.12 & 0.13.1
2416e5d [Cheng Hao] revert to hive 0.12
5793c01 [Cheng Hao] add space before while
4e56e1b [Cheng Hao] style issue
683d3fd [Cheng Hao] Add golden files
fe591e4 [Cheng Hao] update HiveGenericUdf for set the ObjectInspector while constructing the DeferredObject
f6740fe [Cheng Hao] Support Constant ObjectInspector for Map & List
8814c3a [Cheng Hao] Passing ContantObjectInspector(when necessary) for UDF initializing
[SPARK-4133] [SQL] [PySpark] type conversionfor python udf

Call Python UDF on ArrayType/MapType/PrimitiveType, the returnType can also be ArrayType/MapType/PrimitiveType.

For StructType, it will act as tuple (without attributes). If returnType is StructType, it also should be tuple.

Author: Davies Liu <davies@databricks.com>

Closes #2973 from davies/udf_array and squashes the following commits:

306956e [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into udf_array
2c00e43 [Davies Liu] fix merge
11395fa [Davies Liu] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into udf_array
9df50a2 [Davies Liu] address comments
79afb4e [Davies Liu] type conversionfor python udf
[FIX] disable benchmark code

I forgot to disable the benchmark code in #2937, which increased the Jenkins build time by couple minutes.

aarondav

Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>

Closes #2990 from mengxr/disable-benchmark and squashes the following commits:

c58f070 [Xiangrui Meng] disable benchmark code
[SPARK-4129][MLlib] Performance tuning in MultivariateOnlineSummarizer

In MultivariateOnlineSummarizer, breeze's activeIterator is used
to loop through the nonZero elements in the vector. However,
activeIterator doesn't perform well due to lots of overhead.
In this PR, native while loop is used for both DenseVector and SparseVector.

The benchmark result with 20 executors using mnist8m dataset:
Before:
DenseVector: 48.2 seconds
SparseVector: 16.3 seconds

After:
DenseVector: 17.8 seconds
SparseVector: 11.2 seconds

Since MultivariateOnlineSummarizer is used in several places,
the overall performance gain in mllib library will be significant with this PR.

Author: DB Tsai <dbtsai@alpinenow.com>

Closes #2992 from dbtsai/SPARK-4129 and squashes the following commits:

b99db6c [DB Tsai] fixed java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
2b5e882 [DB Tsai] small refactoring
ebe3e74 [DB Tsai] First commit
[SPARK-3453] Netty-based BlockTransferService, extracted from Spark core

This PR encapsulates #2330, which is itself a continuation of #2240. The first goal of this PR is to provide an alternate, simpler implementation of the ConnectionManager which is based on Netty.

In addition to this goal, however, we want to resolve [SPARK-3796](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3796), which calls for a standalone shuffle service which can be integrated into the YARN NodeManager, Standalone Worker, or on its own. This PR makes the first step in this direction by ensuring that the actual Netty service is as small as possible and extracted from Spark core. Given this, we should be able to construct this standalone jar which can be included in other JVMs without incurring significant dependency or runtime issues. The actual work to ensure that such a standalone shuffle service would work in Spark will be left for a future PR, however.

In order to minimize dependencies and allow for the service to be long-running (possibly much longer-running than Spark, and possibly having to support multiple version of Spark simultaneously), the entire service has been ported to Java, where we have full control over the binary compatibility of the components and do not depend on the Scala runtime or version.

These issues: have been addressed by folding in #2330:

SPARK-3453: Refactor Netty module to use BlockTransferService interface
SPARK-3018: Release all buffers upon task completion/failure
SPARK-3002: Create a connection pool and reuse clients across different threads
SPARK-3017: Integration tests and unit tests for connection failures
SPARK-3049: Make sure client doesn't block when server/connection has error(s)
SPARK-3502: SO_RCVBUF and SO_SNDBUF should be bootstrap childOption, not option
SPARK-3503: Disable thread local cache in PooledByteBufAllocator

TODO before mergeable:
- [x] Implement uploadBlock()
- [x] Unit tests for RPC side of code
- [x] Performance testing (see comments [here](https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/2753#issuecomment-59475022))
- [x] Turn OFF by default (currently on for unit testing)

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>
Author: Aaron Davidson <aaron@databricks.com>
Author: cocoatomo <cocoatomo77@gmail.com>
Author: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>
Author: Anand Avati <avati@redhat.com>

Closes #2753 from aarondav/netty and squashes the following commits:

cadfd28 [Aaron Davidson] Turn netty off by default
d7be11b [Aaron Davidson] Turn netty on by default
4a204b8 [Aaron Davidson] Fail block fetches if client connection fails
2b0d1c0 [Aaron Davidson] 100ch
0c5bca2 [Aaron Davidson] Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/apache/spark into netty
14e37f7 [Aaron Davidson] Address Reynold's comments
8dfcceb [Aaron Davidson] Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/apache/spark into netty
322dfc1 [Aaron Davidson] Address Reynold's comments, including major rename
e5675a4 [Aaron Davidson] Fail outstanding RPCs as well
ccd4959 [Aaron Davidson] Don't throw exception if client immediately fails
9da0bc1 [Aaron Davidson] Add RPC unit tests
d236dfd [Aaron Davidson] Remove no-op serializer :)
7b7a26c [Aaron Davidson] Fix Nio compile issue
dd420fd [Aaron Davidson] Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/apache/spark into netty-test
939f276 [Aaron Davidson] Attempt to make comm. bidirectional
aa58f67 [cocoatomo] [SPARK-3909][PySpark][Doc] A corrupted format in Sphinx documents and building warnings
8dc1ded [cocoatomo] [SPARK-3867][PySpark] ./python/run-tests failed when it run with Python 2.6 and unittest2 is not installed
5b5dbe6 [Prashant Sharma] [SPARK-2924] Required by scala 2.11, only one fun/ctor amongst overriden alternatives, can have default argument(s).
2c5d9dc [Patrick Wendell] HOTFIX: Fix build issue with Akka 2.3.4 upgrade.
020691e [Davies Liu] [SPARK-3886] [PySpark] use AutoBatchedSerializer by default
ae4083a [Anand Avati] [SPARK-2805] Upgrade Akka to 2.3.4
29c6dcf [Aaron Davidson] [SPARK-3453] Netty-based BlockTransferService, extracted from Spark core
f7e7568 [Reynold Xin] Fixed spark.shuffle.io.receiveBuffer setting.
5d98ce3 [Reynold Xin] Flip buffer.
f6c220d [Reynold Xin] Merge with latest master.
407e59a [Reynold Xin] Fix style violation.
a0518c7 [Reynold Xin] Implemented block uploads.
4b18db2 [Reynold Xin] Copy the buffer in fetchBlockSync.
bec4ea2 [Reynold Xin] Removed OIO and added num threads settings.
1bdd7ee [Reynold Xin] Fixed tests.
d68f328 [Reynold Xin] Logging close() in case close() fails.
f63fb4c [Reynold Xin] Add more debug message.
6afc435 [Reynold Xin] Added logging.
c066309 [Reynold Xin] Implement java.io.Closeable interface.
519d64d [Reynold Xin] Mark private package visibility and MimaExcludes.
f0a16e9 [Reynold Xin] Fixed test hanging.
14323a5 [Reynold Xin] Removed BlockManager.getLocalShuffleFromDisk.
b2f3281 [Reynold Xin] Added connection pooling.
d23ed7b [Reynold Xin] Incorporated feedback from Norman: - use same pool for boss and worker - remove ioratio - disable caching of byte buf allocator - childoption sendbuf/receivebuf - fire exception through pipeline
9e0cb87 [Reynold Xin] Fixed BlockClientHandlerSuite
5cd33d7 [Reynold Xin] Fixed style violation.
cb589ec [Reynold Xin] Added more test cases covering cleanup when fault happens in ShuffleBlockFetcherIteratorSuite
1be4e8e [Reynold Xin] Shorten NioManagedBuffer and NettyManagedBuffer class names.
108c9ed [Reynold Xin] Forgot to add TestSerializer to the commit list.
b5c8d1f [Reynold Xin] Fixed ShuffleBlockFetcherIteratorSuite.
064747b [Reynold Xin] Reference count buffers and clean them up properly.
2b44cf1 [Reynold Xin] Added more documentation.
1760d32 [Reynold Xin] Use Epoll.isAvailable in BlockServer as well.
165eab1 [Reynold Xin] [SPARK-3453] Refactor Netty module to use BlockTransferService.
[SPARK-4003] [SQL] add 3 types for java SQL context

In JavaSqlContext, we need to let java program use big decimal, timestamp, date types.

Author: Daoyuan Wang <daoyuan.wang@intel.com>

Closes #2850 from adrian-wang/javacontext and squashes the following commits:

4c4292c [Daoyuan Wang] change underlying type of JavaSchemaRDD as scala
bb0508f [Daoyuan Wang] add test cases
3c58b0d [Daoyuan Wang] add 3 types for java SQL context
[SPARK-3822] Executor scaling mechanism for Yarn

This is part of a broader effort to enable dynamic scaling of executors ([SPARK-3174](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3174)). This is intended to work alongside SPARK-3795 (#2746), SPARK-3796 and SPARK-3797, but is functionally independently of these other issues.

The logic is built on top of PraveenSeluka's changes at #2798. This is different from the changes there in a few major ways: (1) the mechanism is implemented within the existing scheduler backend framework rather than in new `Actor` classes. This also introduces a parent abstract class `YarnSchedulerBackend` to encapsulate common logic to communicate with the Yarn `ApplicationMaster`. (2) The interface of requesting executors exposed to the `SparkContext` is the same, but the communication between the scheduler backend and the AM uses total number executors desired instead of an incremental number. This is discussed in #2746 and explained in the comments in the code.

I have tested this significantly on a stable Yarn cluster.

------------
A remaining task for this issue is to tone down the error messages emitted when an executor is removed.
Currently, `SparkContext` and its components react as if the executor has failed, resulting in many scary error messages and eventual timeouts. While it's not strictly necessary to fix this as of the first-cut implementation of this mechanism, it would be good to add logic to distinguish this case. I prefer to address this in a separate PR. I have filed a separate JIRA for this task at SPARK-4134.

Author: Andrew Or <andrew@databricks.com>
Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #2840 from andrewor14/yarn-scaling-mechanism and squashes the following commits:

485863e [Andrew Or] Minor log message changes
4920be8 [Andrew Or] Clarify that public API is only for Yarn mode for now
1c57804 [Andrew Or] Reword a few comments + other review comments
6321140 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-scaling-mechanism
02836c0 [Andrew Or] Limit scope of synchronization
4e2ed7f [Andrew Or] Fix bug: keep track of removed executors properly
73ade46 [Andrew Or] Wording changes (minor)
2a7a6da [Andrew Or] Add `sc.killExecutor` as a shorthand (minor)
665f229 [Andrew Or] Mima excludes
79aa2df [Andrew Or] Simplify the request interface by asking for a total
04f625b [Andrew Or] Fix race condition that causes over-allocation of executors
f4783f8 [Andrew Or] Change the semantics of requesting executors
005a124 [Andrew Or] Fix tests
4628b16 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-scaling-mechanism
db4a679 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-scaling-mechanism
572f5c5 [Andrew Or] Unused import (minor)
f30261c [Andrew Or] Kill multiple executors rather than one at a time
de260d9 [Andrew Or] Simplify by skipping useless null check
9c52542 [Andrew Or] Simplify by skipping the TaskSchedulerImpl
97dd1a8 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-scaling-mechanism
d987b3e [Andrew Or] Move addWebUIFilters to Yarn scheduler backend
7b76d0a [Andrew Or] Expose mechanism in SparkContext as developer API
47466cd [Andrew Or] Refactor common Yarn scheduler backend logic
c4dfaac [Andrew Or] Avoid thrashing when removing executors
53e8145 [Andrew Or] Start yarn actor early to listen for AM registration message
bbee669 [Andrew Or] Add mechanism in yarn client mode
[SPARK-4097] Fix the race condition of 'thread'

There is a chance that `thread` is null when calling `thread.interrupt()`.

```Scala
  override def cancel(): Unit = this.synchronized {
    _cancelled = true
    if (thread != null) {
      thread.interrupt()
    }
  }
```
Should put `thread = null` into a `synchronized` block to fix the race condition.

Author: zsxwing <zsxwing@gmail.com>

Closes #2957 from zsxwing/SPARK-4097 and squashes the following commits:

edf0aee [zsxwing] Add comments to explain the lock
c5cfeca [zsxwing] Fix the race condition of 'thread'
[SPARK-3795] Heuristics for dynamically scaling executors

This is part of a bigger effort to provide elastic scaling of executors within a Spark application ([SPARK-3174](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3174)). This PR does not provide any functionality by itself; it is a skeleton that is missing a mechanism to be added later in [SPARK-3822](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3822).

Comments and feedback are most welcome. For those of you reviewing this in detail, I highly recommend doing it through your favorite IDE instead of through the diff here.

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>
Author: Andrew Or <andrew@databricks.com>

Closes #2746 from andrewor14/scaling-heuristics and squashes the following commits:

8a4fdaa [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
e045df8 [Andrew Or] Add warning message (minor)
dfa31ec [Andrew Or] Fix tests
c0becc4 [Andrew Or] Merging with SPARK-3822
4784f93 [Andrew Or] Reword an awkward log message
181f27f [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
c79e907 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
4672b90 [Andrew Or] It's nano time.
a6a30f2 [Andrew Or] Do not allow min/max executors of 0
c60ec33 [Andrew Or] Rewrite test logic with clocks
b00b680 [Andrew Or] Fix style
c3caa65 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
7f9da14 [Andrew Or] Factor out logic to verify bounds on # executors (minor)
f279019 [Andrew Or] Add time mocking tests for polling loop
685e347 [Andrew Or] Factor out clock in polling loop to facilitate testing
3cea7f7 [Andrew Or] Use PrivateMethodTester to keep original class private
3156d81 [Andrew Or] Update comments and exception messages
92f36f9 [Andrew Or] Address minor review comments
abdea61 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
2aefd09 [Andrew Or] Correct listener behavior
9fe6e44 [Andrew Or] Rename variables and configs + update comments and log messages
149cc32 [Andrew Or] Fix style
254c958 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
5ff829b [Andrew Or] Add tests for ExecutorAllocationManager
19c6c4b [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
5896515 [Andrew Or] Move ExecutorAllocationManager out of scheduler package
9ca8945 [Andrew Or] Rewrite callbacks through the listener interface
5e336b9 [Andrew Or] Remove code from backend to avoid conflict with SPARK-3822
092d1fd [Andrew Or] Remove timeout logic for pending requests
1309fab [Andrew Or] Request executors by specifying the number pending
8bc0e9d [Andrew Or] Add logic to expire pending requests after timeouts
b750ee1 [Andrew Or] Express timers in terms of expiration times + remove retry logic
7f8dd47 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
9d516cc [Andrew Or] Bug fix: Actually trigger the add timer / add retry timer
44f1832 [Andrew Or] Rename configs to include time units
eaae7ef [Andrew Or] Address various review comments
6f8be6c [Andrew Or] Beef up comments on what each of the timers mean
baaa403 [Andrew Or] Simplify variable names (minor)
42beec8 [Andrew Or] Reset whether the add threshold is crossed on cancellation
9bcc0bc [Andrew Or] ExecutorScalingManager -> ExecutorAllocationManager
2784398 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into scaling-heuristics
5a97d9e [Andrew Or] Log retry attempts in INFO + clean up logging
2f55c9f [Andrew Or] Do not keep requesting executors even after max attempts
0acd1cb [Andrew Or] Rewrite timer logic with polling
b3c7d44 [Andrew Or] Start the retry timer for adding executors at the right time
9b5f2ea [Andrew Or] Wording changes in comments and log messages
c2203a5 [Andrew Or] Simplify code to access the scheduler backend
e519d08 [Andrew Or] Simplify initialization code
2cc87a7 [Andrew Or] Add retry logic for removing executors
d0b34a6 [Andrew Or] Add retry logic for adding executors
9cc4649 [Andrew Or] Simplifying synchronization logic
67c03c7 [Andrew Or] Correct semantics of adding executors + update comments
6c48ab0 [Andrew Or] Update synchronization comment
8901900 [Andrew Or] Simplify remove policy + change the semantics of add policy
1cc8444 [Andrew Or] Minor wording change
ae5b64a [Andrew Or] Add synchronization
20ec6b9 [Andrew Or] First cut implementation of removing executors dynamically
4077ae2 [Andrew Or] Minor code re-organization
6f1fa66 [Andrew Or] First cut implementation of adding executors dynamically
b2e6dcc [Andrew Or] Add skeleton interface for requesting / killing executors
[SPARK-4053][Streaming] Made the ReceiverSuite test more reliable, by fixing block generator throttling

In the unit test that checked whether blocks generated by throttled block generator had expected number of records, the thresholds are too tight, which sometimes led to the test failing.
This PR fixes it by relaxing the thresholds and the time intervals for testing.

Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>

Closes #2900 from tdas/receiver-suite-flakiness and squashes the following commits:

28508a2 [Tathagata Das] Made the ReceiverSuite test more reliable
[SPARK-1720][SPARK-1719] use LD_LIBRARY_PATH instead of -Djava.library.path

- [X] Standalone
- [X] YARN
- [X] Mesos
- [X]  Mac OS X
- [X] Linux
- [ ]  Windows

This is another implementation about #1031

Author: GuoQiang Li <witgo@qq.com>

Closes #2711 from witgo/SPARK-1719 and squashes the following commits:

c7b26f6 [GuoQiang Li] review commits
4488e41 [GuoQiang Li] Refactoring CommandUtils
a444094 [GuoQiang Li] review commits
40c0b4a [GuoQiang Li] Add buildLocalCommand method
c1a0ddd [GuoQiang Li] fix comments
156ce88 [GuoQiang Li] review commit
38aa377 [GuoQiang Li] Refactor CommandUtils.scala
4269e00 [GuoQiang Li] Refactor SparkSubmitDriverBootstrapper.scala
7a1d634 [GuoQiang Li] use LD_LIBRARY_PATH instead of -Djava.library.path
[SPARK-4102] Remove unused ShuffleReader.stop() method.

This method is not implemented by the only subclass
(HashShuffleReader), nor is it ever called. While the
use of Scala's fancy "???" was pretty exciting, the method's
existence can only lead to confusion and it therefore should
be deleted.

mateiz was there a reason for adding this that I'm
missing?

Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>

Closes #2966 from kayousterhout/SPARK-4102 and squashes the following commits:

532c564 [Kay Ousterhout] Added back commented-out method, as per Matei's request
904655e [Kay Ousterhout] [SPARK-4102] Remove unused ShuffleReader.stop() method.
[SPARK-4130][MLlib] Fixing libSVM parser bug with extra whitespace

This simple patch filters out extra whitespace entries.

Author: Joseph E. Gonzalez <joseph.e.gonzalez@gmail.com>
Author: Joey <joseph.e.gonzalez@gmail.com>

Closes #2996 from jegonzal/loadLibSVM and squashes the following commits:

e0227ab [Joey] improving readability
e028e84 [Joseph E. Gonzalez] fixing whitespace bug in loadLibSVMFile when parsing libSVM files
grouping_sets/rollup/cube/grouping__id
refactor code [WIP]
WIP2