Cleaned up encoders

In ROBOTC encoders are, unfortunately, only able to handle short values.
This commit changes the conversion functions to reflect that.
Cleaned up nxt files

API's shouldn't work by themselves. This makes it more end programmer oriented.
Massive cleaning on functions.c

tasks are pointless here.
Cleaned up background.c
Deleted our timers

WILL NEED TO UPDATE USER GUIDE!
Removed ruler system, added more to encoders
Corrected simplemovement.c

distances.c was repetative, sensors is now empty, fill when we add sensors.
updated api.c to reflect api's current state
Some spacing changes in math

From now on all indents will be 1 tab ('\t') character.
Massive simplification of movement.c

This way we don't have to worry about so many files when debugging code
Added encoder conversions for raw ticks
Split functions.c

It is now in three files for clarity and ease of editing.
Also updated settings, encoders, and api to match.