Fix sending/try_recv on channels off the runtime

The fairness yield mistakenly called `Local::take()` which meant that it would
only work if a local task was available. In theory sending on a channel (or
calling try_recv) requires no runtime because it never blocks, so there's no
reason it shouldn't support such a use case.

Closes #12391
auto merge of #12397 : alexcrichton/rust/send-off-the-runtime, r=brson

The fairness yield mistakenly called `Local::take()` which meant that it would
only work if a local task was available. In theory sending on a channel (or calling try_recv) requires
no runtime because it never blocks, so there's no reason it shouldn't support
such a use case.

Closes #12391