runtime: convert mprof.goc to mprof.go

The exported Go definitions appearing in mprof.go are
copied verbatim from debug.go.

The unexported Go funcs and types are new.
The C Bucket type used a union and was not a line-for-line translation.

LGTM=remyoudompheng
R=golang-codereviews, remyoudompheng
CC=dvyukov, golang-codereviews, iant, khr, r
https://codereview.appspot.com/137040043