React tables

This is a redo of #1502. I have done some architectural restructuring so that the base Table React component is more generalizable, and I've changed the way components get mounted onto the view (originally was using the react-rails gem, but now going a more native route). Also deleted unnecessary .rjs files (for the original tables) and partials, as well as the students' populate route in route.rb (we now populate by sending an AJAX request to the same url, just requesting it in JSON).
Actually I intended for it to say falsy, since you can just not pass a `filter_type` prop and the component will interpret it as `null`, which is falsy. So it just means the default `filter_type` is simple.