Add daemon flag to specify public registry mirrors

Adds support for a --registry-mirror=scheme://host[:port]
daemon flag. The flag may be present multiple times. If
provided, mirrors are prepended to the list of endpoints used
for image pull. Note that only mirrors of the public
index.docker.io registry are supported, and image/tag resolution
is still performed via the official index.

Docker-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Tim Smith <timbot@google.com> (github: timbot)
~~~
> **Note:**
> Depending on your setup, you may be able to add the
> `--registry-mirror` options to the `DOCKER_OPTS` setting in
> `/etc/defaults/docker` on your Docker host.
~~~

(1) Notes format, (2) Wording.