Make use of @llvm.assume in ValueTracking (computeKnownBits, etc.)

This change, which allows @llvm.assume to be used from within computeKnownBits
(and other associated functions in ValueTracking), adds some (optional)
parameters to computeKnownBits and friends. These functions now (optionally)
take a "context" instruction pointer, an AssumptionTracker pointer, and also a
DomTree pointer, and most of the changes are just to pass this new information
when it is easily available from InstSimplify, InstCombine, etc.

As explained below, the significant conceptual change is that known properties
of a value might depend on the control-flow location of the use (because we
care that the @llvm.assume dominates the use because assumptions have
control-flow dependencies). This means that, when we ask if bits are known in a
value, we might get different answers for different uses.

The significant changes are all in ValueTracking. Two main changes: First, as
with the rest of the code, new parameters need to be passed around. To make
this easier, I grouped them into a structure, and I made internal static
versions of the relevant functions that take this structure as a parameter. The
new code does as you might expect, it looks for @llvm.assume calls that make
use of the value we're trying to learn something about (often indirectly),
attempts to pattern match that expression, and uses the result if successful.
By making use of the AssumptionTracker, the process of finding @llvm.assume
calls is not expensive.

Part of the structure being passed around inside ValueTracking is a set of
already-considered @llvm.assume calls. This is to prevent a query using, for
example, the assume(a == b), to recurse on itself. The context and DT params
are used to find applicable assumptions. An assumption needs to dominate the
context instruction, or come after it deterministically. In this latter case we
only handle the specific case where both the assumption and the context
instruction are in the same block, and we need to exclude assumptions from
being used to simplify their own ephemeral values (those which contribute only
to the assumption) because otherwise the assumption would prove its feeding
comparison trivial and would be removed.

This commit adds the plumbing and the logic for a simple masked-bit propagation
(just enough to write a regression test). Future commits add more patterns
(and, correspondingly, more regression tests).

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@217342 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Add additional patterns for @llvm.assume in ValueTracking

This builds on r217342, which added the infrastructure to compute known bits
using assumptions (@llvm.assume calls). That original commit added only a few
patterns (to catch common cases related to determining pointer alignment); this
change adds several other patterns for simple cases.

r217342 contained that, for assume(v & b = a), bits in the mask
that are known to be one, we can propagate known bits from the a to v. It also
had a known-bits transfer for assume(a = b). This patch adds:

assume(~(v & b) = a) : For those bits in the mask that are known to be one, we
                       can propagate inverted known bits from the a to v.

assume(v | b = a) :    For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
                       propagate known bits from the a to v.

assume(~(v | b) = a):  For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
                       propagate inverted known bits from the a to v.

assume(v ^ b = a) :    For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
		       propagate known bits from the a to v. For those bits in
		       b that are known to be one, we can propagate inverted
                       known bits from the a to v.

assume(~(v ^ b) = a) : For those bits in b that are known to be zero, we can
		       propagate inverted known bits from the a to v. For those
		       bits in b that are known to be one, we can propagate
                       known bits from the a to v.

assume(v << c = a) :   For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate them
                       to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(~(v << c) = a) : For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate
                        them inverted to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(v >> c = a) :   For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate them
                       to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(~(v >> c) = a) : For those bits in a that are known, we can propagate
                        them inverted to known bits in v shifted to the right by c.

assume(v >=_s c) where c is non-negative: The sign bit of v is zero

assume(v >_s c) where c is at least -1: The sign bit of v is zero

assume(v <=_s c) where c is negative: The sign bit of v is one

assume(v <_s c) where c is non-positive: The sign bit of v is one

assume(v <=_u c): Transfer the known high zero bits

assume(v <_u c): Transfer the known high zero bits (if c is know to be a power
                 of 2, transfer one more)

A small addition to InstCombine was necessary for some of the test cases. The
problem is that when InstCombine was simplifying and, or, etc. it would fail to
check the 'do I know all of the bits' condition before checking less specific
conditions and would not fully constant-fold the result. I'm not sure how to
trigger this aside from using assumptions, so I've just included the change
here.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@217343 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8