New setup.py, reStructuredText, Shields.io, appvyr

Started working on Windows support, only worked on infrastructure for
now. Updated setup.py, README, travis, appveyor to the same versions
used in my latest projects.
Eliminated dependency on `six`. Fixed tests.

Fixed tests on Windows, since /tmp doesn't exist there.
Reorganized tests.

Still fails on Windows. urllib/urlparse in the stdlib seems to misbehave
on Windows for file paths.
Windows fix.

The stdlib urlsplit doesn't really work on Windows. It doesn't handle
Windows file paths correctly. Introduced a work around when running on
Windows to fix this bug that is not actually my fault.