Adding a course outline as a basis for further planning.

I proposed a course outline which I hope we can use to structure and plan the short course. 

The course outline is in document ``course_outline.rst`` and is written in reStructuredText. It is automaticall rendered by github. It can be rendered as pdf by ``rst2pdf course_outline.rst``.

Once we converge with an outline, we can also distribute this to the participants during the course.