[vectorizer] Fix a trivial oversight where we always requested the
number of vector registers rather than toggling between vector and
scalar register number based on VF. I don't have a test case as
I spotted this by inspection and on X86 it only makes a difference if
your target is lacking SSE and thus has *no* vector registers.

If someone wants to add a test case for this for ARM or somewhere else
where this is more significant, that would be awesome.

Also made the variable name a bit more sensible while I'm here.
[vectorizer] Add some flags which are useful for conducting experiments
with the unrolling behavior in the loop vectorizer. No functionality
changed at this point.

These are a bit hack-y, but talking with Hal, there doesn't seem to be
a cleaner way to easily experiment with different thresholds here and he
was also interested in them so I wanted to commit them. Suggestions for
improvement are very welcome here.
[vectorizer] Teach the loop vectorizer's unroller to only unroll by
powers of two. This is essentially always the correct thing given the
impact on alignment, scaling factors that can be used in addressing
modes, etc. Also, fix the management of the unroll vs. small loop cost
to more accurately model things with this world.

Enhance a test case to actually exercise more of the unroll machinery if
using synthetic constants rather than a specific target model. Before
this change, with the added flags this test will unroll 3 times instead
of either 2 or 4 (the two sensible answers).

While I don't expect this to make a huge difference, if there are lots
of loops sitting right on the edge of hitting the 'small unroll' factor,
they might change behavior. However, I've benchmarked moving the small
loop cost up and down in many various ways and by a huge factor (2x)
without seeing more than 0.2% code size growth. Small adjustments such
as the series that led up here have led to about 1% improvement on some
benchmarks, but it is very close to the noise floor so I mostly checked
that nothing regressed. Let me know if you see bad behavior on other
targets but I don't expect this to be a sufficiently dramatic change to
trigger anything.