Support Table mixin columns

This is essentially the same as #1833, #1835, #1839 but will be done in the framework of #2790 as a follow-on once that is merged.

The starting point here will be fed00dc5f6d6d9529ed8f073c95346eb176fdfa6, which *removed* the proof-of-concept changes showing that mixin columns would be straightforward in the new column-based Table structure.   In this issue (and eventual PR) we can define the right way to support mixin columns like Quantity, Time, and SkyCoord.  The original proof-of-concept used a some simple class / instance variables, but @mhvk has proposed using an abstract base class.

Closes #1833
Closes #1835
Closes #1839
For now I think that's more trouble than it's worth.  But I don't see why I used `col_getattr()` here for an object that is explicitly a `Column` and definitely has a `name` attribute.  So I changed that.