Fixed `Index.retrieve` so that it works with ES 1.0.0 and previous versions

Closes #939
Added notice about 1.0 compatibility to README, added link to elasticsearch/elasticsearch-rails

Related: #943
Fixed an incorrect condition in Index#retrieve and added that `nil` is returned for 404 responses

This fixes #939.
[TEST] Fixed incorrect test for STI

`to_i` obviously doesn't provide enough granularity.
[TEST] Another try to battle percolator test failures with sleep
Added the "pry" gem to the Gemfile
[TEST] Fixed 0.90-based test for exposing the Elasticsearch response

The "ok" key has been removed.
Changed, that the `<<` operator is used in Logger, instead of `+=`

Dramatically improves the performance of the code where strings are concatenated, by changing the "+=" for "<<".

Sample profiling of line 50 on logger.rb with a 20,000 lines json response from Elasticsearch:

    Before the change
    99.74%  48.04 seconds String#each_line

    After the change
    74.91%  0.11 seconds String#each_line

Closes #959
Added more defensive way of checking the @attributes in Item#respond_to?

Closes #944
Merge branch 'github/master' into feature/wrapper_lambda