os/LFNIndex: handle long object names with multiple links (i.e., rename)

When we rename an object (collection_move_rename) to a different name, and
the name is long, we run into problems because the lfn xattr can only track
a single long name linking to the inode.  For example, suppose we have

foobar -> foo_123_0 (attr: foobar) where foobar hashes to 123.

At first, collection_add could only link a file to another file in a
different collection with the same name. Allowing collection_move_rename
to rename the file, however, means that we have to convert:

col1/foobar -> foo_123_0 (attr: foobar)

to

col1/foobaz -> foo_234_0 (attr: foobaz)

This is a problem because if we link, reset xattr, unlink we end up with

col1/foobar -> foo_123_0 (attr: foobaz)

if we restart after we reset the attr.  This will cause the initial foobar
lookup to since the attr doesn't match, and the file won't be able to be
looked up.

Fix this by allow *two* (long) names to link to the same inode.  If we
lfn_link a second (different) name, move the previous name to the "alt"
xattr and set the new name.  (This works because link is always followed
by unlink.)  On lookup, check either xattr.

Don't even bother to remove the alt xattr on unlink.  This works as long
as the old name and new name don't hash to the same shortname and end up
in the same LFN chain.  (Don't worry, we'll fix that next.)

Fixes part of #8701
Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
os/LFNIndex: remove alt xattr after unlink

After we unlink, if the nlink on the inode is still non-zero, remove the
alt xattr.  We can *only* do this after the rename or unlink operation
because we don't want to leave a file system link in place without the
matching xattr; hence the fsync_dir() call.

Note that this might leak an alt xattr if we happen to fail after the
rename/unlink but before the removexattr is committed.  We'll fix that
next.

Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
os/LFNIndex: only consider alt xattr if nlink > 1

If we are doing a lookup, the main xattr fails, we'll check if there is an
alt xattr.  If it exists, but the nlink on the inode is only 1, we will
kill the xattr.  This cleans up the mess left over by an incomplete
lfn_unlink operation.

This resolves the problem with an lfn_link to a second long name that
hashes to the same short_name: we will ignore the old name the moment the
old link goes away.

Fixes: #8701
Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>