Finally fix the `install_server.sh` script.

Includes changes from a dozen bug reports and pull requests.
Was tested on Ubuntu, Debian and CentOS.
Cluster: remove variable causing warning

GCC-4.9 warned about this, but clang didn't.

This commit fixes warning:
sentinel.c: In function 'sentinelReceiveHelloMessages':
sentinel.c:2156:43: warning: variable 'master' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
     sentinelRedisInstance *ri = c->data, *master;
Fixed a few typos.
Fix maxclients error handling

Everywhere in the Redis code base, maxclients is treated
as an int with (int)maxclients or `maxclients = atoi(source)`,
so let's make maxclients an int.

This fixes a bug where someone could specify a negative maxclients
on startup and it would work (as well as set maxclients very high)
because:

    unsigned int maxclients;
    char *update = "-300";
    maxclients = atoi(update);
    if (maxclients < 1) goto fail;

But, (maxclients < 1) can only catch the case when maxclients
is exactly 0.  maxclients happily sets itself to -300, which isn't
-300, but rather 4294966996, which isn't < 1, so... everything
"worked."

maxclients config parsing checks for the case of < 1, but maxclients
CONFIG SET parsing was checking for case of < 0 (allowing
maxclients to be set to 0).  CONFIG SET parsing is now updated to
match config parsing of < 1.

It's tempting to add a MINIMUM_CLIENTS define, but... I didn't.

These changes were inspired by antirez#356, but this doesn't
fix that issue.
Replace magic 32 with REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR

32 was the additional number of file descriptors Redis
would reserve when managing a too-low ulimit.  The
number 32 was in too many places statically, so now
we use a macro instead that looks more appropriate.

When Redis sets up the server event loop, it uses:
    server.maxclients+REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR

So, when reserving file descriptors, it makes sense to
reserve at least REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR FDs instead
of only 32.  Currently, REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR is
set to 128 in redis.h.

Also, I replaced the static 128 in the while f < old loop
with REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR as well, which results
in no change since it was already 128.

Impact: Users now need at least maxclients+128 as
their open file limit instead of maxclients+32 to obtain
actual "maxclients" number of clients.  Redis will carve
the extra REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR file descriptors it
needs out of the "maxclients" range instead of failing
to start (unless the local ulimit -n is too low to accomidate
the request).
Improve error handling around setting ulimits

The log messages about open file limits have always
been slightly opaque and confusing.  Here's an attempt to
fix their wording, detail, and meaning.  Users will have a
better understanding of how to fix very common problems
with these reworded messages.

Also, we handle a new error case when maxclients becomes less
than one, essentially rendering the server unusable.  We
now exit on startup instead of leaving the user with a server
unable to handle any connections.

This fixes antirez#356 as well.
Fix infinite loop on startup if ulimit too low

Fun fact: rlim_t is an unsigned long long on all platforms.

Continually subtracting from a rlim_t makes it get smaller
and smaller until it wraps, then you're up to 2^64-1.

This was causing an infinite loop on Redis startup if
your ulimit was extremely (almost comically) low.

The case of (f > oldlimit) would never be met in a case like:

    f = 150
    while (f > 20) f -= 128

Since f is unsigned, it can't go negative and would
take on values of:

    Iteration 1: 150 - 128 => 22
    Iteration 2:  22 - 128 => 18446744073709551510
    Iterations 3-∞: ...

To catch the wraparound, we use the previous value of f
stored in limit.rlimit_cur.  If we subtract from f and
get a larger number than the value it had previously,
we print an error and exit since we don't have enough
file descriptors to help the user at this point.

Thanks to @bs3g for the inspiration to fix this problem.
Patches existed from @bs3g at antirez#1227, but I needed to repair a few other
parts of Redis simultaneously, so I didn't get a chance to use them.
Cluster: Fix trib create when masters==replicas

This bug was introduced in 2e5c394f during a refactor.

It took me a while to understand what was going on with
the code, so I've refactored it further by:
  - Replacing boolean values with meaningful symbols
  - Replacing 'i' with a meaningful variable name
  - Adding the proper abort check
  - Factoring out now duplicated conditionals
  - Adding optional verbose logging (we're inside *four*
    different looping constructs, so it takes a while to
    figure out where all the moving parts are)
  - Updating comment for the section

This fixes a problem when the number of master instances
equaled the number of replica instances.  Before, when
there were equal numbers of both, nodes_count would go to
zero, but the while loop would spin in i < @replicas because
i would never be updated (because the nodes_list of each ip
was length == 0, which triggered an endless loop of
next -> i = 0 -> 0 < 1? -> true -> next -> i = 0 ...)

Thanks to carlo who found this problem at:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/redis-db/_WVVqDw5B7c
Cluster: Restore proper trib master iteration

This got removed in 2e5c394 during a new feature addition.

The prior commit had "break if masters.length == masters_count"
but we are guaranteed to aready have that condition met since
otherwise we would haven't gotten this far.

Without this break statement, it's possible some masters may
be forgotten and have zero replicas while other masters have
more than their requested number of replicas.

Thanks to carlos for pointing out this regression at:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/redis-db/_WVVqDw5B7c
Merge pull request #1609 from badboy/install_server-fix

Finally fix the `install_server.sh` script.
Merge pull request #1627 from badboy/lru-fix

Fixed a few typos.
Add REDIS_MIN_RESERVED_FDS define for open fds

Also update the original REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR to
include REDIS_MIN_RESERVED_FDS. REDIS_EVENTLOOP_FDSET_INCR
exists to make sure more than (maxclients+RESERVED) entries
are allocated, but we can only guarantee that if we include
the current value of REDIS_MIN_RESERVED_FDS as a minimum
for the INCR size.
Fix potentially incorrect errno usage

errno may be reset by the previous call to redisLog, so capture
the original value for proper error reporting.
Merge pull request #1628 from mattsta/fix-trib-create

Cluster: Fix trib create when masters==replicas
Merge pull request #1629 from mattsta/fix-trib-master-assignment

Cluster: Restore proper trib master iteration
Merge pull request #1617 from mattsta/remove-unused-warning

Cluster: remove variable causing warning
Fix data loss when save AOF/RDB with no free space

Previously, the (!fp) would only catch lack of free space
under OS X.  Linux waits to discover it can't write until
it actually writes contents to disk.

(fwrite() returns success even if the underlying file
has no free space to write into.  All the errors
only show up at flush/sync/close time.)

Fixes antirez/redis#1604
Sentinel: Notify user when config can't be saved
Merge pull request #1606 from mattsta/fix-disk-full-dataloss

Fix data loss when save AOF/RDB with no free space
Use LRU_CLOCK() instead of function getLRUClock()

lookupKey() uses LRU_CLOCK(), so it seems object
creation should use LRU_CLOCK() too.