std::os - Add join_paths, make setenv non-utf8 capable

This commit changes `os` in two ways:

* It adds a `join_paths` function that is the converse to `split_paths`,
  easing manipulation of the `PATH` environment variable according to
  platform conventions.

* It changes `setenv` to take a `BytesContainer` rather than a `&str`
  value, since environment variables may have non-utf8 values on some
  platforms. Since `&str` is a `BytesContainer`, this is *not* a
  breaking change.

Along the way, it also refactors the `split_paths` function so that
`cfg` switches are applied internally (and the function header is given
only once). This fixes a bug: the doc comment had an example for only
one platform.
Regarding the above notes on how bash splits paths, I am curious how Windows handles the same circumstances (empty paths, paths containing just semicolons, etc).