[DependencyInjection] Added exception to avoid fatal during compile in a frozen dumped container

Q | A
------------- | ------------- | -----
Bug fix? | yes
New feature? | no
BC breaks? | no
Deprecations? | no
Tests pass? | yes
Fixed tickets | #10428 
License | MIT
Doc PR | N/A

@fabpot  / @stof : Should I remove the fonctionnal tests as it is implicit in the unitary ones ?
`{@inheritdoc}`?