[SPARK-4397][Core] Reorganize 'implicit's to improve the API convenience

This PR moved `implicit`s to `package object` and `companion object` to enable the Scala compiler search them automatically without explicit importing.

It should not break any API. I compiled the following codes with Spark 1.1.0:
```scala
import org.apache.spark.{SparkContext, SparkConf}
import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._

object ImplicitBackforwardCompatibilityApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("ImplicitBackforwardCompatibilityApp")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)

    val rdd = sc.parallelize(1 to 100).map(i => (i, i))
    val rdd2 = rdd.groupByKey() // rddToPairRDDFunctions
    val rdd3 = rdd2.sortByKey() // rddToOrderedRDDFunctions
    val s1 = rdd3.map(_._1).stats() // numericRDDToDoubleRDDFunctions
    println(s1)
    val s2 = rdd3.map(_._1.toDouble).stats() // doubleRDDToDoubleRDDFunctions
    println(s2)
    val f = rdd2.countAsync() // rddToAsyncRDDActions
    println(f.get())
    rdd2.map { case (k, v) => (k, v.size) } saveAsSequenceFile("/tmp/test_path") // rddToSequenceFileRDDFunctions

    val a1 = sc.accumulator(123.4) // DoubleAccumulatorParam
    a1.add(1.0)
    println(a1.value)
    val a2 = sc.accumulator(123) // IntAccumulatorParam
    a2.add(3)
    println(a2.value)
    val a3 = sc.accumulator(123L) // LongAccumulatorParam
    a3.add(11L)
    println(a3.value)
    val a4 = sc.accumulator(123F) // FloatAccumulatorParam
    a4.add(1.1F)
    println(a4.value)

    sc.stop()
  }
}
```
And ran it with this PR. It ran correctly.

However, for `WritableConverter`, I cannot make it work without `import`. Thoughts?

The disadvantage is there are two copies of same codes now.
Actually that would be great to add for the whole patch; write some test programs in a different package (e.g. org.apache.sparktest) and make sure all the conversions can happen.