Overhaul SQL generating logic in WP_Meta_Query to avoid unnecessary table joins.

The logic used to generate clause SQL in `WP_Meta_Query` is somewhat arcane,
stemming mostly from an ongoing effort to eliminate costly table joins when
they are not necessary. By systematizing the process of looking for shareable
joins - as was done in `WP_Tax_Query` [29902] - it becomes possible to simplify
the construction of SQL queries in `get_sql_for_clause()`. Moreover, the
simplified logic is actually considerably better at identifying shareable
joins, such that certain uses of `WP_Meta_Query` will see joins reduced by 50%
or more.

Includes integration tests for a representative cross-section of the query
clause combinations that result in shared table aliases.

Props boonebgorges, sc0ttkclark.
See #24093.

git-svn-id: https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@29940 602fd350-edb4-49c9-b593-d223f7449a82