Variant: refactor of the shared field api

* shared fields api now behaves like the individual fields api (creates an object but doesn't make any copies)
* SharedField class is iterable and can hold multiple values
* special cased boolean_shared_field to return a single bool (since * vector<bool> is impossible by spec)
* current API (as well as the individual field API) relies on missing() checks before using the values. Dereferencing a missing shared field will segafult -- see #166
* add check for dereferencing an empty field (throws out of range exception instead of segfault)

fixes #151
I would advocate for directories, but no namespaces. Extra namespaces would make gamgee too hard to use in client code. Directories would make it easy to see which classes are variant/sam related in an IDE without any real cost. 

Let's open a ticket for this to address it in a future pull request.