[SPARK-1735] Add the missing special profiles to make-distribution.sh

73b0cbcc241cca3d318ff74340e80b02f884acbd introduced a few special profiles that are not covered in the `make-distribution.sh`. This affects hadoop versions 2.2.x, 2.3.x, and 2.4.x. Without these special profiles, a java version error for protobufs is thrown at run time.

I took the opportunity to rewrite the way we construct the maven command. Previously, the only hadoop version that triggered the `yarn-alpha` profile was 0.23.x, which was inconsistent with the [docs](https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/master/docs/building-with-maven.md). This is now generalized to hadoop versions from 0.23.x to 2.1.x.