StringConverter: Make value public

The value is now a public member and holds the raw string to convert.
Lists are calculated lazily.
Settings: Prevent passing self as defaults
Settings: throw IndexError on wrong index

This is better because you can just catch index error
and if youre doing something wrong you'll get it.
Rename Outputter to Printer

The Outputters will be introduced later for some more abstract things.
We will have printers on the lower level.
Rename Filter to Analyser

Its not something that filters. Its something that does static code
analysis. So its an analyzer now.
Merge pull request #56 from sils1297/wip/lasse_do_not_touch

StringConverter: Make value public