cgo: adjust return value location to account for stack copies.

During a cgo call, the stack can be copied.  This copy invalidates
the pointer that cgo has into the return value area.  To fix this
problem, pass the address of the location containing the stack
top value (which is in the G struct).  For cgo functions which
return values, read the stktop before and after the cgo call to
compute the adjustment necessary to write the return value.

Fixes issue 8771

LGTM=iant, rsc
R=iant, rsc, khr
CC=golang-codereviews
https://codereview.appspot.com/144130043