consumer: silently skip messages already consumed

It seems that sometimes the broker can return us messages we've already seen,
and that this is legitimate, so we shouldn't produce errors, just quietly ignore
them.

Possibly fixes #166 pending confirmation from upstream
(https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-1744).
consumer: more robust handling of message offsets

- Only skip messages before the requested offset at the beginning of a set
- Error if we don't receive any legitimate messages in the set.
consumer: add unit test

also fix a bunch of other bugs found by the test
Merge pull request #168 from Shopify/consumer-skip-consumed-messages

consumer: silently skip messages already consumed
Check some errors

Discovered by https://github.com/kisielk/errcheck
Merge pull request #173 from Shopify/errcheck-1

Check some errors
Rename extraBroker to seedBroker.
Merge pull request #174 from Shopify/seed_broker

Rename extraBroker to seedBroker
first pass at integrating parallel requests into the sarama broker metadata
changed the error handling
made tests pass
added tests for metadatafanout
removed unnecessary debug info
removed any()
incorperated will's suggestions and added throttling on the fanout.
adding in evan's suggestions