Implement and use locale-independent strtod function

It is called strtod_c and internally uses strtod_l on OSX and Linux.
On Windows a function derived from the python source code is used
that replaces the decimal delimiter by the locale one and calls the
standard strtod function.
fix #5344
Add unexported get! macro for Dicts

Same as get! function but does not evaluate the default
argument unless needed.
Faster cache lookup in broadcast! via get! macro

Change broadcast! cache to use nested Dict instead of a Dict with Tuple
keys; use get! macro to access its fields.
Related to #6041.

Also reduces code duplication in broadcast! definitions via eval macro.
Add a note of caution to get! macro
Merge pull request #6107 from JuliaLang/cb/fasterbroadcast

Faster cache lookup in `broadcast!` via nested Dicts and get! macro
Add missing .\ methods for arrays and numbers. Remove some obsolete methods.
Merge pull request #6126 from JuliaLang/anj/arraydiv

Add missing .\ methods for arrays and numbers. Remove some obsolete methods.
Add reference to Bunch-Kaufman
implement #= ... =# multiline comments (fix #69)
doc of scale: replace scale! with scale in text.
doc: bump copyright year
improve type of collect, add eltype() for EachLine. closes #6114
Merge pull request #6128 from stevengj/multiline-comments

WIP: implement #= ... =# multiline comments
document multiple line comment syntax (Ref: #6128)
Sublime support for new block/multiline comments
doc: tweaks for new 0.3 theme
support #=# self-closing comments from #6128, but only because it requires less code
Make version_git.sh work on older versions of git.

The --count option to git-rev-list was introduced in git version 1.7.x
for 1 < x < 12. When base/version_git.sh is run on versions of git
without this option, a long help message is generated (cluttering up
make output) and generating an incorrect base/version_git.jl.
version_git.sh: cope with wcs that emit whitespace.

Some versions of wc (notably the one supplied by OS X) prepend
whitespace to the output of `wc -l`, breaking the indentation of the
generated version_git.jl. We strip this using only tr(1) features
specified in
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/tr.html.